Ultrathin Platinum Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Graphite LatticePrepared by a Sonochemical Approach

Walter, Jürgen; Nishioka, Masato; Hara, Shigeta

doi:10.1021/cm000898r

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this reaction, simple sonication of potassium and graphite in toluene for several minutes produces golden-bronze, metallic colored KC 8 . Another example of the use of ultrasound in a graphite intercalation reaction was reported by Walter and coworkers, [117] who synthesized Pt nanoparticle-intercalated graphite via a sonochemical method.…”

Section: Nanostructured Materials Via Sonochemical Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials

2010

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Recent advances in nanostructured materials have been led by the development of new synthetic methods that provide control over size, morphology, and nano/microstructure. The utilization of high intensity ultrasound offers a facile, versatile synthetic tool for nanostructured materials that are often unavailable by conventional methods. The primary physical phenomena associated with ultrasound that are relevant to materials synthesis are cavitation and nebulization. Acoustic cavitation (the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid) creates extreme conditions inside the collapsing bubble and serves as the origin of most sonochemical phenomena in liquids or liquid-solid slurries. Nebulization (the creation of mist from ultrasound passing through a liquid and impinging on a liquid-gas interface) is the basis for ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) with subsequent reactions occurring in the heated droplets of the mist. In both cases, we have examples of phase-separated attoliter microreactors: for sonochemistry, it is a hot gas inside bubbles isolated from one another in a liquid, while for USP it is hot droplets isolated from one another in a gas. Cavitation-induced sonochemistry provides a unique interaction between energy and matter, with hot spots inside the bubbles of approximately 5000 K, pressures of approximately 1000 bar, heating and cooling rates of >10(10) K s(-1); these extraordinary conditions permit access to a range of chemical reaction space normally not accessible, which allows for the synthesis of a wide variety of unusual nanostructured materials. Complementary to cavitational chemistry, the microdroplet reactors created by USP facilitate the formation of a wide range of nanocomposites. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of both synthetic methods and recent development in the applications of ultrasound in nanostructured materials synthesis.

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Section: Nanostructured Materials Via Sonochemical Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials

2010

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“…H 2 PtCl 6 can also be intercalated into graphite layers to prepare Pt nanoparticles intercalated in graphite after exposure to an H 2 gas stream. 54 The sonication of potassium intercalated graphite in ethanol can generate carbon nanoscrolls (Fig. 12).…”

Section: Physical Effects Of Ultrasound For Nanomaterials Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonochemical synthesis of nanomaterials

2013

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High intensity ultrasound can be used for the production of novel materials and provides an unusual route to known materials without bulk high temperatures, high pressures, or long reaction times.Several phenomena are responsible for sonochemistry and specifically the production or modification of nanomaterials during ultrasonic irradiation. The most notable effects are consequences of acoustic cavitation (the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles), and can be categorized as primary sonochemistry (gas-phase chemistry occurring inside collapsing bubbles), secondary sonochemistry (solution-phase chemistry occurring outside the bubbles), and physical modifications (caused by high-speed jets or shock waves derived from bubble collapse). This tutorial review provides examples of how the chemical and physical effects of high intensity ultrasound can be exploited for the preparation or modification of a wide range of nanostructured materials.

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“…Acoustic waves consist of alternating regions of compression and rarefaction. This radiation, unlike electromagnetic waves, lacks quantum nature and the commonly used ultrasonic frequencies refer to the range beyond human hearing (18)(19)(20)). An acoustic wave can be described by two vectors: a wave normal (N) and a particle motion vector (U) ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Sound Waves and Mechanical Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonication‐Assisted Fabrication and Post‐Synthetic Modifications of Graphene‐Like Materials

Cravotto

Cintas

2010

Chemistry A European J

128

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Chemistry of and with graphene constitutes a rapidly evolving field that holds much promise for the generation of advanced materials with salient, and often unique, properties and potential applications in different fields. However, reliable, mild, and scalable methods to produce this layered carbonaceous material represent an important bottleneck and are critical for progress in this research area to continue. In this context, the use of ultrasound has become a routine and indispensable step in numerous synthetic protocols, even though most researchers usually overlook the science behind it. This minireview provides some fundamentals on the interaction of sound waves with matter and equally illustrates how sonication assists further synthetic decorations under benign conditions.

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Ultrathin Platinum Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Graphite LatticePrepared by a Sonochemical Approach

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Applications of Ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials

Applications of Ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials

Sonochemical synthesis of nanomaterials

Sonication‐Assisted Fabrication and Post‐Synthetic Modifications of Graphene‐Like Materials

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