Ultrathin Au Electrodes Based on a Hybrid Nucleation Layer for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Devices

Bi, Yan‐Gang; Fu, Yi; Ji, Jin-Hai; Ma, Ce; Wang, Wenquan; Feng, Jing; Sun, Hong–Bo

doi:10.1109/tnano.2018.2860055

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…One approach involves engineering the dimensional and structural configurations using established materials (i.e., ultrathin films of metal and oxide) to confer transparency and mechanical deformability (Figure A). , This metal film-based approach, as we name it, is beneficial in terms of high electrical conductivity and potential to achieve high optical transparency, while attaining a reasonable mechanical deformability. As such, homogeneous metal films (i.e., Ag, − Al, Au, − or Cu − ) with a thickness of 10–20 nm exhibit good electrical conductivity and optical transparency. Utilizing their ultrathin nature and through structural engineering, flexible and stretchable TEs with high performance can be developed.…”

Section: Strategies For Flexible and Stretchable Device Fabricationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics

Chang,

Koo,

Yoo

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the nextgeneration human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable lightemitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.

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Section: Strategies For Flexible and Stretchable Device Fabricationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics

Chang,

Koo,

Yoo

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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“…Based on those detailed and in-depth fundamental studies discussed in the last section, the general growth behavior of deposited Au on different substrates has been fully understood. In recent years, more and more applications based on UTGL configurations have been reported, including the examples from optical applications, 6,7,96–106 electronic device applications, 107–115 and as seed layers. 116–125…”

Section: Applications Of Ultra-thin Gold Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the unique and tunable optical properties, the good conductivity and transparency of UTGLs also attracted huge interests to act as electrodes for various electronic devices, including OLEDs or perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs), 107,109,111,112 sensors, 113,115 and photoelectrochemical devices. 110 In many device fabrication routines, the use of Au contacts is a standard and therefore listing all such examples would completely go beyond the scope of the present review.…”

Section: Applications Of Ultra-thin Gold Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art of ultra-thin gold layers: formation fundamentals and applications

et al. 2022

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“…These seeds provide dense nucleation centers for metal deposition, and suppress the growth of large metal islands during the PVD process. Such functional seeding materials include metals (Al, [40][41][42] Au, [43] Ag, [44] and Cu [45] ), dielectrics (Ta 2 O 5 , [46] ZnO, [47][48][49] NiO, [50] TeO 2 , [51] Nb 2 O 5 , [52] MoO 3 , [53] and Cs 2 CO 3 [54] ), polymers (polyethyleneimine [PEI], [19,[55][56][57][58] Ormoclear, [59] and photoresist SU-8 [60] ), and organic monolayers (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid [MUA], [48] [3-aminopropyl]-trimethoxysilane: [3mercaptopropyl]-trimethoxysilane [APTMS:MPTMS], [42,61,62] methyl-terminated alucone, [63] and 1,4-bis[2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-4-yl]benzene [p-bPPhenB] [64] ). For example, Schubert et al enhanced the wetting of deposited Ag films by using high surface energy metal seed materials such as Ca, Al, and Au (Figure 2a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Zhang

Zheng

2021

Adv Elect Materials

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nanotubes [CNTs] and graphene), and metal-based materials are superior to ITO in the mechanical flexibility and the potential for roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacture. [16,17] Yet, a common drawback of FTEs made of conducting polymers, CNTs, and graphene is the inferior electrical conductivity. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Po l y ( 3 , 4 -e t h y l e n e d i o x y t h i o p h e n e )poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used conducting polymers. PEDOT:PSS shows the lowest cost among various transparent electrode materials, [25] but the low intrinsic conductivity, poor environmental stability (upon exposure to high temperature, high humidity, or UV irradiation), and self-emission of blue/green tinge limit its applications in flexible optoelectronics. [1,26] Whereas individual CNT and graphene may exhibit excellent conductivity, thin films made of multijunctional assembly of these nanomaterials show high contact resistance at the junctions. [27,28] The surface defects and polycrystallinity of these carbon materials, which are difficult to eliminate, further decrease the conductivity. [28][29][30][31][32][33] On the other hand, metals possess the highest electrical conductivity among all kinds of materials. [34] Thin and surface-structured metal electrodes are optically transparent and mechanically flexible. The combinatorial attributes of high conductivity, tunable transmittance, and engineerable flexibility make metal-based materials the most promising candidates for FTEs. [3,35] To date, there are three major types of metal-based FTEs (m-FTEs), including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes. Each type of m-FTEs shows unique advantages and critical challenges toward large-scale applications as summarized in Figure 1.This article discusses the characteristics and major challenges of each type of m-FTEs, and reviews their research advances in recent years. It then discusses the ability to achieve scalable production of these m-FTEs from the point of view of materials choice and fabrication technology. Finally, it provides perspectives on the transition from lab study to industry fabrication of m-FTEs in the future. Metal-Based-Flexible Transparent Electrodes Made of Ultrathin Metal FilmsUltrathin and homogeneous metal (such as Ag, Au, Cu, or Al) films with a thickness of 10-20 nm exhibit good electrical Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high optical transmittance, low sheet resistance, and high flexibility are critical and indispensable components of emerging flexible optoelectronic devices. Indium tin oxide (ITO), the major transparent conductive material used for optoelectronics nowadays, is not suitable for flexible applications because of its brittleness. In the past decade, researchers have developed a wide variety of new transparent conductive materials to replace ITO, among which metal-based FTEs (m-FTEs) including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes appear to be particularly promising. In this review, the authors summarize ...

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Ultrathin Au Electrodes Based on a Hybrid Nucleation Layer for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Devices

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics

Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics

State of the art of ultra-thin gold layers: formation fundamentals and applications

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

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