Ultrastructure of Reticuloendothelial Clearance

Donald, K. W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5031-4_14

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Carbon clearance rates are affected by intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis, platelet ag gregation and disaggregation, the number and activity of phagocytic cells and blood flow through the RES system (22). We have already reported there were decreases of coagulative and fibrinolytic activities in CC14 induced liver injury (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Function of reticuloendothelial system on ethionine induced liver injury in mice.

1987

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Abstract-Phagocytic activity as a function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) has been studied in ethionine induced liver injury by using the carbon clearance test. Liver damage in male and female mice was induced by DL and L-ethionine injections (1000 mg/kg/day, i.p.). In both female and male mice, a single dose or three injections of DL or L-ethionine caused increases in liver/body weight ratio, A/G ratio, GOT and GPT levels, and BSP retention.There was the decrease of the total protein levels in the serum.The degree of liver injury was more severe after three injections of DL and L-ethionine than after a single injection of them.After a single injection of ethionine, the L-isomer induced a slightly greater response than the racemic mixture, except for BSP retention.On the other hand, phagocytic activities by the carbon clearance test were increased after a single injection or three injections of DL and L-ethionine.That is, the K value was increased in all ethionine treated mice except for females with three injections of DL-ethionine. The a value was increased after three injections in DL and L-ethionine treated males and DL-ethionine treated females.In addition, the increase in carbon uptake by Kupffer cells can be seen by light microscopy after a single injection or three injections of DL or L-ethionine.These findings indicate that ethionine injections induce the enhancement of RES phagocytosis, although the biochemical parameters indicating liver injury are changed severely. These results support the data indicating no correlation between the alteration of RES activity and the degree of liver injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Function of reticuloendothelial system on ethionine induced liver injury in mice.

1987

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“…A carbon suspension was injected into the cerebral cortex to elucidate the response of young astrocytes. Carbon particles are inert, nontoxic, small enough for cellular ingestion, and readily observed by light and electron microscopy (Donald, 1980). Ultrastructural investigations using dose-response and time-course study have revealed that the membrane/particle relation and the mechanism of removal of carbon particles by cells of the reticuloendothelial system is an act of phagocytosis (De Bruyn and Farr, 1980;Donald, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon particles are inert, nontoxic, small enough for cellular ingestion, and readily observed by light and electron microscopy (Donald, 1980). Ultrastructural investigations using dose-response and time-course study have revealed that the membrane/particle relation and the mechanism of removal of carbon particles by cells of the reticuloendothelial system is an act of phagocytosis (De Bruyn and Farr, 1980;Donald, 1980). Furthermore, carbon was used to trace the origin and migration of brain macrophages in neonatal and adult animals (Al-Ali and Dawod, 1986;Del Cerro and Monjan, 1979;Ling et al, 1980;Mc-Keever and Balantine, 1978;Stenwig, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent kinetic and functional studies have confirmed that colloidal carbon is a good marker to demonstrate In adult brain, the common features of astrocytic re-and measure phagocytosis at light microscopic and ulsponse to injury are hypertrophy and hyperplasia lead-trastructural levels (De Bruyn and Farr, 1980;Donald, ing to extensive gliotic scar formation (Reien et al, 1980). Colloidal carbon was chosen in this study to trace 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural study of phagocytic activities of young astrocytes in injured neonatal rat brain following intracerebral injection of colloidal carbon

Al-Ali

Al-Zuhair

Dawod

1988

Glia

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The cellular reaction to injury in the mature central nervous system (CNS) has been extensively studied in both man and animals, while a detailed study of the reaction of the immature CNS to injury is lacking in the literature. This study was undertaken to elucidate the response of young astrocytes following injection injury to developing brain. Colloidal carbon was applied because it is a suitable marker for phagocytosis, it is nontoxic, and it is readily identifiable by light and electron microscopy. The cerebral cortex of the neonatal rat was injected with 0.1 microliter of colloidal carbon solution. The animals were allowed to survive from 1 hour to 30 days postoperation. The brains were fixed by vascular perfusion and processed for light and electron microscopy. Carbon particles were ingested in membrane-bound vacuoles and sequestered in lysosomes of young astrocytes. Astrocytes, loaded with carbon particles, were identified after 4 days, and were seen in abundance between 10 to 21 days postoperation. Carbon-laden astrocytes were seen in the immediate vicinity of the site of the injection; in the surrounding, apparently normal, neuropil; and in the perivascular regions. This study demonstrates the ability of young astrocytes to engulf foreign particles injected into the developing brain. The presence of carbon particles in astrocytes located further away from the site of injection is discussed.

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“…injection in rats (unpublished data). At variance from colloidal gold, colloidal carbon, a substance that was frequently used in the past to test the function of RES, is taken up mainly by KC and other macrophages that are exposed to the blood circulation [17]. This was for some time interpreted as evidence that colloidal carbon is phagocytosed by macrophages.…”

Section: Scavenger Function Of Secmentioning

confidence: 99%