Ultrastructure of pericytes in mouse heart

Forbes, Michael S.; Rennels, Marshall L.; Nelson, Elizabeth

doi:10.1002/aja.1001490105

Cited by 67 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Actin has already been identified in pericytes (12,14,21,35), and, in the companion paper, we present evidence for the presence in these cells of myosin in relatively high concentration (18).…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

“…Pericytes can be distinguished from other perivascular cells, such as adventitial fibroblasts, by their location within the basement membrane of the vessels, and by the close apposition of the tips of their processes to the underlying endothelium. Electron microscopic studies have identified pericytes in a number of tissues and organs (I0, 12,20,36). They may, in fact, be common to all microvascular beds, although their relative frequency and distribution appear to vary from one microvascular bed to another (32,33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contractile proteins in pericytes. I. Immunoperoxidase localization of tropomyosin.

Joyce¹,

Haire²,

Palade³

1985

The Journal of Cell Biology

147

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In these studies we have compared the relative amounts and isoforms of tropomyosin in capillary and postcapillary venule pericytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in four rat microvascular beds: heart, diaphragm, pancreas, and the intestinal mucosa. The results, obtained by in situ immunoperoxidase localization, indicate that (a) tropomyosin is present in capillary and postcapillary venule pericytes in relatively high concentration; (b) the tropomyosin content of pericytes appears to be somewhat lower than in vascular smooth muscle cells but higher than in endothelia and other vessel-associated cells; and (c) pericytes, unlike endothelia and other nonmuscle cells, contain detectable levels of tropomyosin immunologically related to the smooth muscle isoform. These results and our previous findings concerning the presence of a cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (Joyce, N., P. DeCamilli, and J. Boyles, 1984, Microvasc. Res. 28:206-219) in pericytes demonstrate that these cells contain significant amounts of at least two proteins important for contraction regulation. Taken together, the evidence suggests that pericytes are contractile elements related to vascular smooth muscle cells, possibly involved, as are the latter, in the regulation of blood flow through the microvasculature.Pericytes are polymorphic cells closely associated with the walls of capillaries and postcapillary venules. They have a cell body which is often highly elongated, and multiple branching foot processes which partially encircle the vessel wall. Pericytes can be distinguished from other perivascular cells, such as adventitial fibroblasts, by their location within the basement membrane of the vessels, and by the close apposition of the tips of their processes to the underlying endothelium. Electron microscopic studies have identified pericytes in a number of tissues and organs (I0, 12, 20, 36). They may, in fact, be common to all microvascular beds, although their relative frequency and distribution appear to vary from one microvascular bed to another (32,33).The function of pericytes is still unclear; however, morphologic evidence suggests that they may be contractile cells related to vascular smooth muscle. Numerous micro filaments form a continuous plate in the adluminal cytoplasm of their cell body and extend from it into the foot processes, where, in the more distal segments, they fill the cytoplasm to the relative exclusion of other subeellular components. In addition, the foot processes have densities that appear similar to the attachment plaques and dense bodies of smooth muscle cells (29,32,34). The presence of such structures within circumferentially oriented pericyte processes suggests a poten-

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supporting

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contractile proteins in pericytes. I. Immunoperoxidase localization of tropomyosin.

Joyce¹,

Haire²,

Palade³

1985

The Journal of Cell Biology

147

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“…The controversy persisted until STENSAAS (1975), using a modified Golgi staining, put forward convincing evidence that the configuration of the pericyte as originally proposed by ZIMMERMANN was actually the case for most microvessels. The pericytic diagram proposed by FORBES et al (1977) organs and tissues examined in this study, it appeared that the number of capillary pericytes is positively related to the density of the capillary bed. More numerous pericytes occurred at capillary bifurcations than elsewhere, as described by MURAKAMI et al (1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Three-Dimensional Architecture of Pericytes with Special Reference to Their Topographical Relationship to Microvascular Beds.

Shimada

Kitamura

Nakamura

1992

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Summary. Microvascular beds and pericytes in the submandibular gland, thyroid gland and heart were studied by combined scanning electron microscopy and chemical digestion.The submandibular gland had a relatively loose network of blood capillaries, the thyroid gland posessed a close-meshed network of capillaries, and those in the myocardium ran parallel to the long axis of myocardial cells. The thyroid gland exhibited the largest numbers of pericytes. Three types of pericytes could be distinguished by their shape and localization. Type I pericytes, which were confined to true capillaries, had a fusiform or polygonal cell body, a few long, slender longitudinal processes (primary ones) and short, fine circumferential processes (secondary ones). Type II pericytes, which were found in the arterial side of myocardial capillaries, were characterized by large, circumferential band-like processes completely encircling the vessel. Type III pericytes, which were seen on the venous side of thyroid and myocardial capillaries, had a flattened cell body and short, irregular processes. Type II and III pericytes appear to show an intermediate or transitional form between smooth muscle cells and typical pericytes (Type I).Judging from the configuration of pericytes suggests that these are related to functions such as contraction as well as mechanical support.

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“…Pericytes have properties of smooth muscle cells and are involved in control of the blood flow through microvasculature [45][46][47]. It has been repeatedly shown that administration of LH/hCG promptly (within 2 min) and specifically increases blood flow to the nonluteal portion of the ovary [48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Localization of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Ovaries of Immature, Gonadotropin-Primed and Normal Cycling Rats1

Bukovský

Chen

Wimalasena

et al. 1993

Biology of Reproduction

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In this study we used two monoclonal antibodies against purified LH receptor (LHR) to localize and quantify LHR in ovarian compartments during follicular development, using gonads from immature, gonadotropin-primed, and normal cycling rats. In early preantral follicles, LHR immunoreactivity (LHRI) was identified in vascular endothelium and subsequently appeared in vascular pericytes. In healthy small antral (200-550-microns) follicles, LHRI continued to be present in thecal pericytes, but not in cells of the theca interna. However, in small antral follicles undergoing atresia, a dramatic decrease in thecal vessel LHRI with a concomitant increase in LHRI in hypertrophied theca was observed. In healthy antral follicles, LHRI of thecal cells was not observed until the cells reached medium (550-microns) size. High LHRI was occasionally observed in macrophage-like cells adjacent to the oocyte of large preantral follicles and among granulosa layers of medium-sized antral follicles. In the membrana granulosa, LHRI first appeared in cumulus cells of medium-sized antral follicles and subsequently spread to the entire granulosa cell population of large (750 microns) antral follicles. Treatment of immature rats with eCG markedly enhanced LHRI in theca and granulosa cells of all antral follicles, while eCG/hCG-treated (pseudopregnant) rats showed lack of LHRI in follicles and interstitial glands, but not in corpora lutea (CL). Within degenerating CL in the cycling ovary, compared to fresh and mature CL, a significant decrease occurred in intracellular LHRI. Our observations indicate that 1) vascular pericytes may play a role in follicular development; 2) LHR expression in granulosa may require an interaction of macrophages, oocytes, and cumulus cells; and 3) thecal hypertrophy accompanied by enhanced LHR expression occurs on follicles undergoing atresia.

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Ultrastructure of pericytes in mouse heart

Cited by 67 publications

References 45 publications

Contractile proteins in pericytes. I. Immunoperoxidase localization of tropomyosin.

Contractile proteins in pericytes. I. Immunoperoxidase localization of tropomyosin.

Three-Dimensional Architecture of Pericytes with Special Reference to Their Topographical Relationship to Microvascular Beds.

Cellular Localization of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Ovaries of Immature, Gonadotropin-Primed and Normal Cycling Rats1

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