Ultrastructure of Intervertebral Disc and Vertebra-Disc Junctions Zones as a Link in Etiopathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis

Burger, Evalina L.; Noshchenko, Andriy; Patel, Vikas V.; Lindley, Emily M.; Bradford, Andrew P.

doi:10.1155/2014/850594

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 207 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…In our study, MATN1 was the most abundantly expressed protein and has been found to form a complex with BGN/DCN, which in turn forms a link between aggrecan and collagen VI/II to form a stable extracellular matrix assembly [23]. MATN1 polymorphism and deficiency leading to altered cartilage architecture have been associated with increased incidence and severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis [24], and its abundant expression in our fetal disc emphasizes the need for its basal expression to maintain disc structure and homeostasis. It would be interesting to observe their expression in aging and degenerative disc tissues, and if found to be downregulated, it can be used for cell therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Proteomic Signature of Nucleus Pulposus in Fetal Intervertebral Disc

et al. 2020

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Study Design: Profiling proteins expressed in the nucleus pulposus of fetal intervertebral disc (IVD).Purpose: To evaluate the molecular complexity of fetal IVDs not exposed to mechanical, traumatic, inflammatory, or infective insults to generate improved knowledge on disc homeostasis.Overview of Literature: Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder, causing a significant reduction in the quality of life, and degenerative disc disorders mainly contribute to the increasing socioeconomic burden. Despite extensive research, the causative pathomechanisms behind degenerative disc disorders are poorly understood. Precise molecular studies on the intricate biological processes involved in maintaining normal disc homeostasis are needed.Methods: IVDs of nine fetal specimens obtained from medical abortions were used to dissect out the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus under sterile operating conditions. Dissected tissues were transferred to sterile Cryovials and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen before transporting to the research laboratory for protein extraction and further liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) analysis. Collected data were further analyzed using Gene Functional Classification Tool in DAVID and STRING databases.Results: A total of 1,316 proteins were identified through LC-MS/MS analysis of nine fetal IVD tissues. Approximately 247 proteins present in at least four fetal discs were subjected to further bioinformatic analysis. The following 10 clusters of proteins were identified: collagens, ribosomal proteins, small leucine-rich proteins, matrilin and thrombospondin, annexins, protein disulfide isomerase family proteins and peroxiredoxins, tubulins, histones, hemoglobin, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase family proteins.Conclusions: This study provides fundamental information on the proteome networks involved in the growth and development of healthy fetal discs in humans. Systematic cataloging of proteins involved in various structural and regulatory processes has been performed. Proteins expressed most abundantly (collagen type XIV alpha 1 chain, biglycan, matrilin 1, and thrombospondin 1) in their respective clusters also elucidate the possibility of utilizing these proteins for potential regenerative therapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Proteomic Signature of Nucleus Pulposus in Fetal Intervertebral Disc

et al. 2020

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“…These findings were confirmed three years later by [13]. Moreover, it was published that the histological abnormalities in the IVD in AIS are secondary to an altered mechanical environment [14][15][16][17][18]. These findings were based on the CTs of AIS patients, which showed that the IVDs contribute more to anterior spinal length compared to the contribution by the vertebrae, and suggested that the curve progression is not a primary vertebra growth disorder; rather, it is the result of altered mechanical loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Morphology, Development and Deformation of the Spine in Mild and Moderate Scoliosis: Are Changes in the Spine Primary or Secondary?

Grivas

Vynichakis

Chandrinos

et al. 2021

JCM

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Introduction and aim of the study: We aim to determine whether the changes in the spine in scoliogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), are primary/inherent or secondary. There is limited information on this issue in the literature. We studied the sagittal profile of the spine in IS using surface topography. Material and methods: After approval of the ethics committee of the hospital, we studied 45 children, 4 boys and 41 girls, with an average age of 12.5 years (range 7.5–16.4 years), referred to the scoliosis clinic by our school screening program. These children were divided in two groups: A and B. Group A included 17 children with IS, 15 girls and 2 boys. All of them had a trunk asymmetry, measured with a scoliometer, greater than or equal to 5 degrees. Group B, (control group) included 26 children, 15 girls and 11 boys, with no trunk asymmetry and scoliometer measurement less than 2 degrees. The height and weight of children were measured. The Prujis scoliometer was used in standing Adam test in the thoracic (T), thoraco-lumbar (TL) and lumbar (L) regions. All IS children had an ATR greater than or equal to 5 degrees. The Cobb angle was assessed in the postero-anterior radiographs in Group A. A posterior truncal surface topogram, using the “Formetric 4” apparatus, was also performed and the distance from the vertebra prominence (VP) to the apex of the kyphosis (KA), and similarly to the apex of the lumbar lordosis (LA) was calculated. The ratio of the distances (VP-KA) for (PV-LA) was calculated. The averages of the parameters were studied, and the correlation of the ratio of distances (VP-KA) to (VP-KA) with the scoliometer and Cobb angle measurements were assessed, respectively (Pearson corr. Coeff. r), in both groups and between them. Results: Regarding group A (IS), the average height was 1.55 m (range 1.37, 1.71), weight 47.76 kg (range 33, 65). The IS children had right (Rt) T or TL curves. The mean T Cobb angle was 24 degrees and 26 in L. In the same group, the kyphotic apex (KA (VPDM)) distance was −125.82 mm (range −26, −184) and the lordotic apex (LA (VPDM)) distance was −321.65 mm (range −237, −417). The correlations of the ratio of distances (KA (VPDM))/(LA (VPDM)) with the Major Curve Cobb angle measurement and scoliometer findings were non-statistically significant (Pearson r = 0.077, −0.211, p: 0.768, 0.416, respectively. Similarly, in the control group, KA (VPDM))/(LA (VPDM) was not significantly correlated with scoliometer findings (Pearson r = −0.016, −p: 0.939). Discussion and conclusions: The lateral profile of the spine was commonly considered to be a primary aetiological factor of IS due to the fact that the kyphotic thoracic apex in IS is located in a higher thoracic vertebra (more vertebrae are posteriorly inclined), thus creating conditions of greater rotational instability and therefore greater vulnerability for IS development. Our findings do not confirm this hypothesis, since the correlation of the (VP-KA) to (VP-KA) ratio with the truncal asymmetry, assessed with the scoliometer and Cobb angle measurements, is non-statistically significant, in both groups A and B. In addition, the aforementioned ratio did not differ significantly between the two groups in our sample (0.39 ± 0.11 vs. 0.44 ± 0.08, p: 0.134). It is clear that hypokyphosis is not a primary causal factor for the commencing, mild or moderate scoliotic curve, as published elsewhere. We consider that the small thoracic hypokyphosis in developing scoliosis adds to the view that the reduced kyphosis, facilitating the axial rotation, could be considered as a permissive factor rather than a causal one, in the pathogenesis of IS. This view is consistent with previously published views and it is obviously the result of gravity, growth and muscle tone.

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“…Hal ini karena skoliosis cenderung mengalami kemajuan selama periode pertumbuhan masa pubertas. 15 Kemajuan deformitas tulang belakang yang mengalami skoliosis terjadi selama growth spurt remaja. 16 Ketidakseimbangan proses endokrin, khususnya selama pubertas, juga penting dalam skoliosis.…”

Section: Metode Penelitianunclassified

Deteksi dini skoliosis menggunakan skoliometer pada siswa kelas VI SD di Kecamatan Mapanget Manado

Parera¹,

Sengkey²,

Gessal³

2016

eCl

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Most of scoliosis has been diagnosed in 10 to 15 year old children. Untreated scoliosis may become worse and may affect the cardiopulmonary function, limited mobilitiy for people and have a negative impact on posture. Early detection of scoliosis plays an important role in preventing deformity and damages. This study aimed to obtain the number of the sixth grader students who were potentially scoliosis in Mapanget Manado. This was an observational descriptive study. Data were collected by measuring the Angle of Trunk Rotation of 81 students of sixth grade who met the inclusion criteria by using scoliometer. The results showed that there were three students (4%) aged 11 years who were highly potential scoliosis. There were 28 of the 37 female students (76%) categorized as intermediate and highly potential scoliosis groups. All students with highly potential scoliosis were from independent school. Conclusion: The percentage of the sixth grader students in Mapanget Manado who were detected as highly potential scoliosis was 4%.Keywords: early detection, scoliosis, scoliometerAbstrak: Sebagian besar skoliosis terdiagnosis pada anak dengan rentang usia 10 hingga 15 tahun. Skoliosis yang tidak ditangani dapat menjadi lebih buruk, berpengaruh pada fungsi kardiopulmoner, keterbatasan mobilitas bagi penderita dan berdampak buruk pada postur tubuh. Deteksi dini skoliosis berperan penting dalam mencegah kelainan dan kerusakan yang bertambah parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah siswa kelas VI SD yang dideteksi berpotensi skoliosis di Kecamatan Mapanget Manado. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui pengukuran langsung Angle of Trunk Rotation pada 81 siswa kelas VI SD yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan menggunakan alat skoliometer. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan tiga siswa (4%) berusia 11 tahun yang berpotensi tinggi skoliosis. Terdapat 28 dari 37 orang (76%) siswa perempuan termasuk dalam golongan intermediate dan potensi tinggi skoliosis Semua siswa berpotensi tinggi skoliosis berasal dari sekolah swasta. Simpulan: Persentase jumlah siswa kelas VI SD di Kecamatan Mapanget yang dideteksi berpotensi tinggi skoliosis sebanyak 4%.Kata kunci: deteksi dini, skoliosis, skoliometer.

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Ultrastructure of Intervertebral Disc and Vertebra-Disc Junctions Zones as a Link in Etiopathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 207 publications

Proteomic Signature of Nucleus Pulposus in Fetal Intervertebral Disc

Proteomic Signature of Nucleus Pulposus in Fetal Intervertebral Disc

Morphology, Development and Deformation of the Spine in Mild and Moderate Scoliosis: Are Changes in the Spine Primary or Secondary?

Deteksi dini skoliosis menggunakan skoliometer pada siswa kelas VI SD di Kecamatan Mapanget Manado

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