Ultrastructure of Autonomic Nerves and Neuroeffector Junctions; Analysis of Drug Action

Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2751-6_5

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 96 publications

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“…Again, however, generalizations have been made on the basis of results from a muscular artery, for example, and extrapolated to include all similar muscular arteries. In most peripheral vessels, at least in muscular arteries, the neurotransmitter is the catecholamine, noradrenaline (Devine, 1978), although other vasoactive neurotransmitters occur (Burnstock, 1975c;Su and Lee, 1976). The characteristic features of the adrenergic innervation are the varicosities, with small granular vesicles, along the course of the terminal fibers, often without the Schwann cell covering (Bloom and Crayton, 1972;Burnstock, 1975~;Devine, 1978;Uehara et al, 1976).…”

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An ultrastructural investigation of developing vasomotor innervation in rat peripheral vessels

Todd

Tokito

1981

Am. J. Anat.

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The developing innervation was investigated in three muscular peripheral arteries from male Wistar rats. These were the superficial epigastric and saphenous arteries, branching from the femoral artery in the thigh, and the tail artery. At maturity the tail and saphenous are similar in size and the superficial epigastric is about half the size of the other two. They are approximately the same size at birth and were chosen because of the resemblance of the tunica media among them. The general pattern of the developing innervation was similar in all three, starting with nerve processes containing mainly empty vesicles. As development proceeded, the processes usually were enclosed within Schwann cells, and both the number of clear vesicles and the number of vesicles with dense cores increased. Tubular membranes probably budded off vesicles. The development of the innervation was mainly postnatal, although some processes seen in the fetus may have been growth cones. The tail artery was the latest to develop recognizable nerves, although the number increased dramatically and had surpassed those in the other two vessels by 12 days of age. It had the densest nerve plexus at maturity. Only adrenergic vasomotor innervation was present in these vessels. The nerves retained a precise relationship, adjacent to the outermost layer of smooth muscle cells and external elastic lamina, throughout development. The Schwann cell population increased very slowly and was similar in each vessel at each age. This meant that the tail artery had many more nerve processes per Schwann cell than the other two vessels. These three muscular arteries, then, varied in the rate of development of their adrenergic innervation and in the final density.

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An ultrastructural investigation of developing vasomotor innervation in rat peripheral vessels

Todd

Tokito

1981

Am. J. Anat.

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Cholinergic and Purinergic Regulation of Blood Vessels

Burnstock

1980

Comprehensive Physiology

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An ultrastructural and fluorescence histochemical investigation of the innervation of retial arteries in Monodon monoceros

Vogl

Todd

Fisher

1981

Journal of Morphology

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In this study, the innervation of cerebrally related retial arteries in the narwhal Monodon monoceros was examined. Vessels were processed for the demonstration of adrenergic nerve endings by fluorescence histochemistry, and the results were confirmed by electron microscopy. Innervation of cerebrally related retial arteries was compared to that of a system situated in the haemal canal and supplying the tail. The retial arteries were poorly innervated. Adrenergic nerve endings, as indicated by fluorescence, occurred only in caudal portions of the spinal rete. Ultrastructurally, nerves were found in most retial vessels examined. However, except for arteries from caudal portions of the spinal rete, nerve numbers were few and because they occurred in outer layers of the adventitia were probably not functionally significant. In contrast, vessels in the haemal canal were well innervated. Nerve endings possessing neurotransmitter vesicles were adjacent to the smooth muscle cells. The cetacean rete mirabile, a system which supplies blood to the entire central nervous system, is apparently not under extensive nervous control, even though most reports suggest there is a relationship, possibly based on the presence of adjacent nerve trunks. Any vasomotor activity that does occur, possibly does so in response to catecholamines or other vasoactive agents circulating in the blood.

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Ultrastructure of Autonomic Nerves and Neuroeffector Junctions; Analysis of Drug Action

Cited by 8 publications

References 96 publications

An ultrastructural investigation of developing vasomotor innervation in rat peripheral vessels

An ultrastructural investigation of developing vasomotor innervation in rat peripheral vessels

Cholinergic and Purinergic Regulation of Blood Vessels

An ultrastructural and fluorescence histochemical investigation of the innervation of retial arteries in Monodon monoceros

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