Ultrastructure of a Haplosporean‐like organism: the possible causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout

Seagrave, Chris; Bucke, D.; Alderman, D. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb03724.x

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…They have an electron-lucent bar that extends roughly halfway into them which can be lined by a folding of the bodies' delimiting membrane. The bodies are often associated with the plasmalemma, to which the electron-lucent bar is orientated at an angle of 90" (Ferguson & Needham 1978, Seagrave et al 1980. Similarities were noted between the EDBs of PKX and the haplosporosomes contained within some members of the Haplosporidea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Similarities were noted between the EDBs of PKX and the haplosporosomes contained within some members of the Haplosporidea. This led to the hypothesis that PKX was a haplosporidean parasite although other ultrastructural features indicated similarities with the Myxosporea (Seagrave et al 1980). With the description of sporogonic forms, PKX was classed as a myxosporean (Kent & Hedrick 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical ultrastructural characteristics of PKX have been documented (Ferguson & Needham 1978, Seagrave et al 1980, Feist & Bucke 1987, MacConnell et al 1989). The primary cell of the extrasporogonic parasite has an electron-dense plasmalemma, mitochondria, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes and residual bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations on the electron-dense bodies of the PKX parasite, agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids

Morris¹,

Adams²,

Richards³

2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Ultrastructural observations on structures associated with the 'haplosporosome'-like electron-dense bodies (EDBs) of the primary cell of the extrasporogonic stage of PKX are descr~bed. Observations made include formation of EDBs by the trans-Golgi network, an additional membrane associated with EDB structure, confronting cisternae, engulfment and presence of EDBs in multivesicular bodies, fusion of EDBs with the plasmalemma, degeneration of EDBs in disintegrating primary cells and endocytosis of PKX cytoplasm by adherent macrophages. lmmunogold localisation of a PKXspecific monoclonal antibody (hdAb A3) suggests that the EDBs contain periodate-sensitive carbohydrates on their membranes. Tissues prepared for irnrnunogold electron microscopy further suggest that some contain a lipid-rich core. An interpretation is made on their possible function and their relationship with the haplosporosornes and sporoplasrnasomes found in members of the Haplosporidea and Myxosporea respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations on the electron-dense bodies of the PKX parasite, agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids

Morris¹,

Adams²,

Richards³

2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Only sac-like stages of T. bryosalmonae have been encountered in bryozoan hosts to date. T. bryosalmonae is the causative agent of salmonid proliferative kidney disease (PKD) (Anderson et al 1999) and was, until recently, referred to as the PKX organism (Seagrave et al 1980). The identification of bryozoans as hosts of T. bryosalmonae (Anderson et al 1999) represented a breakthrough, as it finally determined the source of a disease which causes significant financial losses to fish farms and hatcheries of Europe and North America (Hedrick et al 1993, Bromage 1999.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of malacosporean life cycles through transmission studies

Tops¹,

Baxa²,

McDowell³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Later, based on internal cleavage, presence of 'haplosporosomes', and an amorphous cell wall, investigators suggested that PKX might be a haplosporidian (Seagrave et al 1980, Ghittino 1984. However, a detailed description of PKX in the renal interstitium and lumina of the tubules of rainbow trout with PKD by indicated that PKX is a member of the phylum Myxozoa and most likely a Sphaerospora sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lectin histochemistry and ultrastructure of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss kidneys affected by proliferative kidney

Castagnaro¹,

M²,

Ghittino³

et al. 1991

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Eleven biotinylated lectins and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase system (ABC) were used to detect and localize specific carbohydrate residues of the primary (PKX-PCs) and daughter cells (PKKDCs) of the PKX myxosporean, lymphocytes, macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss affected by proliferative kidney disease (PKD). Electron microscopy revealed the presence of the typical P m -P C s and PKX-DCs in the renal interstitium, between tubular epithelial cells, and of some intraluminal forms, and showed that the principal inflammatory cells surrounding PKX were lymphocytes and macrophages. The latter were most often elongated and closely adherent to the PKX cell surface. Except Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I, which was always negative, all the lectins exhibited a specific binding pattern on the cells examined. Concanavalia ensiformis (Con-A), Lycopersicon esculentum (LEA), Lens culinaris (LCA), Phytolacca americana (PWM), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) agglutinins stained PKX cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and tubular epithelial cells. However, PKX-DCs and intralurninal forms were less intensely stained than PKX-PCs with Con-A, LEA, PWM, and RCA-I, and receptors for LCA and WGA were not detected In the renal interstitium, Arachis hypogea agglutinin (PNA) bound strongly to the cytoplasm of macrophages but much less intensely to PKX-PCs and some lymphocytes. Griffonia simplinfolia agglutinin-I (GS-I) stained intensely the cytoplasm of PKX-PCs and the lumina1 surface of tubular epithelial cells whereas a weak reaction was present in the cytoplasm of PKX-DCs and intraluminal forms Dohchos biflorus and Glycine max agglutinins stained PKX-PCs weakly and inconsistently. These observations reveal some differences in glycoconjugate contents between PKXPCs and PKX-DCs and provide preliminary data on their carbohydrate components. The lectin PNA could be an important tool to evaluate the macrophage reaction during PKD and other infections of fishes. Finally, the electlve stainlng of GS-I for PKX cells may be used in quantitative determinations by light microscopy of the degree of PKX ~nfection, and for detection of the myxosporean when in low numbers. In addition, staining of PKX with lectins may allow recognition of forms of the parasites presently not well known, such as the early infective stages.

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Ultrastructure of a Haplosporean‐like organism: the possible causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout

Cited by 44 publications

References 10 publications

Observations on the electron-dense bodies of the PKX parasite, agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids

Observations on the electron-dense bodies of the PKX parasite, agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids

Evaluation of malacosporean life cycles through transmission studies

Lectin histochemistry and ultrastructure of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss kidneys affected by proliferative kidney

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