Evaluation of malacosporean life cycles through transmission studies

Tops, Sylvie; Baxa, Dolores V.; McDowell, T. S.; Hedrick, Ronald P.; Okamura, Beth

doi:10.3354/dao060109

Cited by 39 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The observation of sequential developmental stages studied by light and electron microscopy has revealed the mechanism of development of B. plumatellae in Plumatella repens. The lack of transmission of infection between adjacent colonies supports evidence from Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae that direct horizontal transmission is not a feature of malacosporean life cycles (Tops et al 2004), while the presence of statoblast formation in infected colonies represents a potential mode of dissemination of infection. Further elucidation of the life cycles of the Malacosporea would be valuable in trying to understand the complex dynamics of these intriguing parasites.…”

Section: Laboratory Maintenance Ofsupporting

confidence: 63%

Sequential development of Buddenbrockia plumatellae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea) within Plumatella repens (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata)

McGurk¹,

Morris²,

Adams³

2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Colonies of the freshwater bryozoan Plumatella repens collected from a river in the UK were found to be infected with the myxozoan parasite Buddenbrockia plumatellae following laboratory maintenance. Optimisation of the bryozoan diet allowed maintenance of infected colonies for 90 d, permitting observation by light and electron microscopy of the sequential parasitic developmental cycle. Parasite stages were associated with host peritoneum, identifying the primary developmental phase. The association of B. plumatellae cells with peritoneal basal lamina and morphological similarities between parasite and host suggested that the parasite remodelled host tissue. Progressive expansion and elongation of individual parasites led to the release of freely floating vermiform stages within the host coelomic cavities. Within these 'worms', intraluminal masses developed, resulting in the formation of spores. Upon maturation, the 'worms' ruptured, releasing many spores within the host that were subsequently discharged. Although parasitism led to increased bryozoan fragmentation and lowered statoblast production, some colonies did survive, resulting in repeated waves of infection. Long-term laboratory maintenance of infected bryozoan colonies could provide a means of maintaining B. plumatellae for study until the full life cycle is ascertained.KEY WORDS: Myxozoa · Malacosporea · Bryozoa · Buddenbrockia plumatellae · Development · Remodel Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 73: [159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169] 2006 focused on the development of B. plumatellae in populations of P. fungosa, Hyalinella punctata Hancock and Fredericella sultana Blumenbach (Canning et al. 2002). However, some details of the developmental cycle within bryozoans remained to be revealed; in particular, the presence of stages preceding coelozoic 'worm' development. Despite contrasting morphologies, molecular evidence led to a proposed synonymy of B. plumatellae and T. bryozoides (Monteiro et al. 2002), with the former name assuming historical precedence.The aim of the present study was to examine developmental stages of Buddenbrockia plumatellae within individual specimens of Plumatella repens. Repeated examination by light microscopy allowed the first description of prolonged sequential development in living hosts. Ultrastructural analysis of infected bryozoan tissue gave further insights into the morphological characteristics of the interaction between this unusual myxozoan parasite and host. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection and observation of bryozoan colonies.In June 2002, floating branches and areas of plastic sheeting were collected from various locations in the River Avon, Wiltshire, UK (51°00' 09'' N, 1°44' 41'' W). These were examined grossly using a ×10 hand lens for bryozoans. Bryozoan colonies were transported in aerated plastic containers to the laboratory in Stirling, where they were attached to Petri dishes and maintained at 21°C on a diet of alga...

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Section: Laboratory Maintenance Ofsupporting

confidence: 63%

Sequential development of Buddenbrockia plumatellae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea) within Plumatella repens (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata)

McGurk¹,

Morris²,

Adams³

2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…As Tops et al (2004) reported, there is no evidence for bryozoan-to-bryozoan transmission and there might be another malacosporean host still unidentified. Transmission of Tetracapsuloides from fish to bryozoans still requires further investigation.…”

Section: Class Malacosporea Canning Curry Feist Longshaw Et Okamurmentioning

confidence: 84%

Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species

Lom¹,

Dyková²

2006

FOLIA PARASIT

691

604

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Abstract.A list of myxozoan genera is presented in the current taxonomical scheme. These genera are defined; their type species and most important pathogens along with their hosts are listed. Simultaneously, definitions of actinospore stages representing sexual stages of the myxosporean life cycle are given; altogether, 17 actinospore collective groups with 180 types have been described. Life cycles of the two classes of the phylum Myxozoa, Malacosporea and Myxosporea, are briefly outlined with specification of the appropriate terms. Up to now, 4 malacosporean and 2,180 myxosporean species assigned to a total of 62 genera, have been established. The surviving classification of myxosporeans, based on spore morphology, is discussed in the context of the still fragmentary data resulting from SSU rDNA sequence analyses. The main task for the future is a rigorous, detailed morphological description combined with molecular techniques in establishment of new species and in revision of the existing ones. Establishment of a classification acceptable from morphological, biological and phylogenetical viewpoints is necessary.

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“…Generally, myxozoans undergo complex life cycles, with alternative life cycles incorporating a vertebrate host and an invertebrate host (Canning and Okamura, 2004;Lom and Dykova, 2006). The life cycles of most myxozoans are unknown and have been described for only one malacosporean, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Grabner and El-Matbouli, 2008;Morris and Adams, 2006;Tops et al, 2004), and less than 40 myxosporeans (Lom and Dykova, 2006). The myxosporean Thelohanellus kitauei is a pathological parasite that infects carp (of the family Cyprinidae), the most important cultured freshwater fish species in the world, and causes intestinal giant cystic disease (IGCD) (Kitaue, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New phylogenomic and comparative analyses provide corroborating evidence that Myxozoa is Cnidaria

Feng

Xiong

Zhang

et al. 2014

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Evaluation of malacosporean life cycles through transmission studies

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Sequential development of Buddenbrockia plumatellae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea) within Plumatella repens (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata)

Sequential development of Buddenbrockia plumatellae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea) within Plumatella repens (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata)

Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species

New phylogenomic and comparative analyses provide corroborating evidence that Myxozoa is Cnidaria

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