Ultrastructural study on cell differentiation of the rabbit carotid body.

Kariya, Isao; Nakajima, Tamio; Ozawa, Hiroki

doi:10.1679/aohc.53.245

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…At that time, the number of type I cells showing a mature structural aspect (including innervation) increases gradually up to 5 months of postnatal age [19]. A similar developmental sequence in carotid body structure and morphology was observed in rats and rabbits [22][23][24]; in rats, a very strong increase in the number of synapses from afferent axons was reported between postnatal days 1 and 20 days [25,26]. In cats, carotid body volume is five times higher in adults compared to term foetuses or 3 -4 days old kittens and the relative proportion of cells (type I versus type II) and blood vessels are similar [27].…”

Section: A) Developmental Changes In Carotid Body Structure and Morphsupporting

confidence: 60%

Neonatal Environment and Neuroendocrine Programming of the Peripheral Respiratory Control System

Bairam¹,

Kinkead²,

Joseph³

2006

CPR

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The carotid bodies are the main peripheral oxygen sensors involved in cardio-respiratory control under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The present review briefly describes carotid body function during "normal" development and then presents recent results showing how environmental factors affect the trajectory of these developmental processes. This review then focuses on data obtained from our laboratories, which emphasise the shortterm modulation and long-term consequences of perinatal stress such as premature deprivation of placental steroids and neonatal disruption of mother-infant interactions on carotid body development and function. Our current data suggest that disturbances related to early deprivation of placental steroids, as it occurs with premature delivery, disrupt respiratory chemoreflexes attributed mainly to chemoreceptor cells' ability to respond to changes in oxygen levels during early life. Conversely, stress related to interference with normal mother-pup interactions during the neonatal period induces changes in carotid body function that persist well into adulthood. In both cases, changes in carotid body function are related (at least in part) to significant modification of dopaminergic neurotransmission within the carotid body as suggested by treatment-related changes in dopamine D 2 receptor gene expression level. Together, these data suggest that these environmental factors predispose to the occurrence of respiratory disease associated with respiratory control dysfunction such as sleep-disordered breathing during infancy.

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Section: A) Developmental Changes In Carotid Body Structure and Morphsupporting

confidence: 60%

Neonatal Environment and Neuroendocrine Programming of the Peripheral Respiratory Control System

Bairam¹,

Kinkead²,

Joseph³

2006

CPR

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“…It has been reported in rat and rabbit fetuses that the cell accumulation around the third branchial artery consists of undifferentiated cells and unmyelinated nerve fibers, and granulecontaining cells appear in the accumulation '/z day or 2 days later (Kondo, 1975;Kariya et al, 1990). These electron microscopic studies have not observed the epithelial cell clusters and nerve bundles surrounding the carotid body anlage and further mesenchyme-like cells within the organ that are present in chick embryos.…”

Section: Y Kameda Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Immunoreactivity for serotonin, neuropeptide Y, tyrosine hydroxylase, and chromogranin A begins to appear in a few glomus cells at 10 days of incubation and becomes intense in almost all the cells at 12 days of incubation (Kameda, 1 9 9 0~; Kameda et al, 1990). It has been reported in the mammalian carotid bodies that the time of first synaptic formation is species variable: In midterm human fetuses (14 and 15 weeks) numerous synapses showing efferent type morphology are seen (Hervonen and Korkala, 1972); in rat fetuses the efferent and afferent synapses are recognized at 16.5 days of gestation (Kondo, 1975); and in rabbit fetuses efferent synapses appear at 25 days of gestation and afferent ones at 30 days of gestation (Kariya et al, 1990).…”

Section: Y Kameda Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron microscopic study on the development of the carotid body and glomus cell groups distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches in the chicken

Kameda

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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Development of the carotid body and the glomus cell groups in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches was studied in chickens at various developmental stages by electron microscopy. At 8 days of incubation, the carotid body anlage consisted of mesenchyme-like cells, whereas the clusters of epithelial cells, which occasionally contained a few dense-cored vesicles and were accompanied by unmyelinated nerve fibers, were located in the region surrounding the carotid body anlage and in the wall of the common carotid artery. Subsequently, the granule-containing cells together with nerve fibers were detected in the periphery of the carotid body anlage. At 12 days of incubation, a large number of granule-containing cells (glomus cells) were dispersed throughout the carotid body parenchyma and were also widely distributed along the common carotid artery and its branches. The cells frequently extended long cytoplasmic processes that made contact with other glomus cells and nerve fibers. Synaptic junctions which showed desmosome-like thickening of pre- and postsynaptic membranes and accumulations of small clear vesicles (around 50 nm in diameter) were first detected along the contact between the long axons and glomus cells at 12 days of incubation. In the wall of the common carotid artery, interdigitations between the cytoplasmic processes of glomus cells and smooth muscle cells began to form. Sustentacular cells investing partly the glomus cells were also discerned both in the carotid body and around the arteries at this stage. At 14 days of incubation, the glomus cells expressed most of the characteristics of the mature cells, and the synaptic junctions displaying afferent morphology appeared; the secretory granules of glomus cells were accumulated near and attached to the desmosome-like thickening of apposed membranes.

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“…Some synapses are seen lying side by side. Recently, Kariya et al (1990) reported in the glomus cells of the rabbit fetus that efferent synapses are first noted on the 25th day of gestation and afferent ones on the 30th day of gestation. In the arterial chemoreceptor organs, efferent innervation to the glomus cells may appear in advance of afferent innervation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural characteristics of glomus cells in the external carotid artery during larval development and metamorphosis in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana

Kusakabe

1992

Anat. Rec.

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Electron microscopic observations of the external carotid artery in the larvae of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, showed that glomus cells are present in the subendothelial stroma of the septum between the expanded region of the external carotid artery and the carotid arch. There were some differences in the ultrastructure of the glomus cells at each stage of larval development. At the early stages (stages I, III, V, X), most glomus cells were isolated and free from the covering of a supporting cell. The cytoplasm of the glomus cells contained fewer dense-cored vesicles. No synaptic junctions were observed. At the middle stages (stages XV, XX, XXI), some glomus cells showed a tendency to form small clusters. Between adjacent cells in a cluster, gap junctions were often observed. The number of dense-cored vesicles increased remarkably. Intimate apposition of the glomus and smooth muscle cells (g-s connection) was also observed. Nerve terminals containing clear vesicles were observed in synaptic contact with glomus cells at this phase. At the metamorphic climax (stages XXII-XXV), in addition to g-s connections, the glomus cells made intimate apposition to the cells around the glomus cells. The afferent synapses described in other amphibians were not encountered in this study. These findings suggest that the glomus cells at the early stages of development are nonfunctional, the vascular regulation via the g-s connection starts at the middle stages, and the chemoreception starts after metamorphosis.

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Ultrastructural study on cell differentiation of the rabbit carotid body.

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Neonatal Environment and Neuroendocrine Programming of the Peripheral Respiratory Control System

Neonatal Environment and Neuroendocrine Programming of the Peripheral Respiratory Control System

Electron microscopic study on the development of the carotid body and glomus cell groups distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches in the chicken

Ultrastructural characteristics of glomus cells in the external carotid artery during larval development and metamorphosis in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana

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