Electron microscopic study on the development of the carotid body and glomus cell groups distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches in the chicken

Kameda, Yoko

doi:10.1002/cne.903480405

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During embryonic development, all glomus cells exhibit intense immunoreactivity for NPY and tyrosine hydroxylase besides serotonin and chromogranin A, regardless of their residential places. Electron microscopic study (Kameda, 1994) has confirmed that at 8 days of incubation the carotid body rudiment consists of mesenchyme-like cells, whereas the clusters of epithelial cells, which occasionally contain a few dense-cored vesicles and are accompanied by unmyelinated nerve fibers, are located in the region surrounding the carotid body rudiment and in the wall of the common carotid artery. The glomus cells of the carotid body and around the arteries in the chicken seem to be émigrés that arrive in each residential place from the distal vagal ganglion.…”

Section: Development Of Glomus Cellsmentioning

confidence: 60%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery in the bird

Kameda

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the bird the carotid body is located between the distal (nodose) ganglion of the vagus nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve at the beginning of the common carotid artery, that is, the organ is located at the cervicothoracic border. The chicken carotid body receives numerous branches from the vagus and the recurrent laryngeal nerves. In addition, dense networks of the peptidergic nerve fibers immunoreactive for substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are distributed in and around the carotid body parenchyma. The substance P- and CGRP-immunoreactive fibers are derived from both the superior and inferior ganglia of the vagus nerve. The VIP-, galanin-, and NPY-immunoreactive fibers originate from the 14th cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. The endocrine organs including the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, carotid body, and ultimobranchial gland are situated as a continuous series along the common carotid artery. The organs are supplied with arteries arising as one trunk from the common carotid artery. Glomus cells are widely distributed not only in the carotid body but also in the wall of the common carotid artery and around the common trunk and its branches. The glomus cells of the chicken carotid body exhibit intense immunoreactivity for serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and chromogranin A. The cells located in the wall of the common carotid artery further express NPY mRNA and peptide. In the chickens exposed to isocapnic hypoxia for 35 days, 3-4-fold increase of the carotid body volume is induced and the carotid body glomus cells show enhanced synthetic and secretory activities. On the other hand, the cells in the wall of the common carotid artery display little changes after the long-term hypoxia, having different functions from the carotid body. The carotid body rudiment is formed in the lateral wall of the third branchial artery. The neural cells immunoreactive for TuJ1, PGP 9.5, and HNK-1, which are continuous with the inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion, first surround and then invade both the carotid body rudiment and the other portions of the third branchial artery, becoming glomus cells.

show abstract

Section: Development Of Glomus Cellsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The cells are also widely distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches. The presence of TuJ1 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of glomus cells has been shown by immunoelectron microscopy (Kameda et al, 1994). Thus, glomus cells seem to differentiate along the neural lineage.…”

Section: Development Of Glomus Cellsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery in the bird

Kameda

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The importance of having a correct level of oxygenation for the normal development of the carotid body during the postnatal period could also apply during the embryonic phases. In the chicken, the early buds of the carotid bodies reach their final location at the bifurcation of the brachycephalic arterial trunk by embryonic day 8 (29), and the characteristics of mature glomus cells are recognized a few days later (15). Hence, if the blunting in hypoxic hyperventilation were due mainly to the effects of hypoxia on the functional development of the carotid body, it would mean that this occurred during the last half of the embryonic period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilatory chemosensitivity of the 1-day-old chicken hatchling after embryonic hypoxia

Szdzuy

Mortola²

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Szdzuy K, Mortola JP. Ventilatory chemosensitivity of the 1-dayold chicken hatchling after embryonic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293: R1640-R1649, 2007. First published August 8, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00422.2007.-We investigated the effects of sustained embryonic hypoxia on the neonatal ventilatory chemosensitivity. White Leghorn chicken eggs were incubated at 38°C either in 21% O 2 throughout incubation (normoxia, Nx) or in 15% O 2 from embryonic day 5 (hypoxia, Hx), hatching time included. Hx embryos hatched ϳ11 h later than Nx, with similar body weights. Measurements of gaseous metabolism (oxygen consumption, V O2) and pulmonary ventilation (V E) were conducted either within the first 8 h (early) or later hours (late) of the first posthatching day. In resting conditions, Hx had similar V O2 and body temperature (Tb) and slightly higher V E and ventilatory equivalent (V E/V O2) than Nx. Ventilatory chemosensitivity was evaluated from the degree of hyperpnea (increase in V E) and of hyperventilation (increase in V E/V O2) during acute hypoxia (15 and 10% O2, 20 min each) and acute hypercapnia (2 and 4% CO2, 20 min each). The chemosensitivity differed between the early and late hours, and at either time the responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were less in Hx than in Nx because of a lower increase in V E and a lower hypoxic hypometabolism. In a second group of Nx and Hx hatchlings, the V E response to 10% O2 was tested in the same hatchlings at the early and late hours. The results confirmed the lower hypoxic chemosensitivity of Hx. We conclude that hypoxic incubation affected the development of respiratory control, resulting in a blunted ventilatory chemosensitivity. developmental plasticity; epigenetic adaptation; hypercapnia; hypometabolism; hypoxic ventilatory response IN MAMMALS AND BIRDS, the development of the respiratory system is a long process. It begins early during gestation or incubation, when the embryo's gas-exchange needs are provided by nonpulmonary organs, and continues far into postnatal life, when pulmonary ventilation is the only means of fulfilling the aerobic requirements of the growing organism. A question of both biological and clinical interest is whether or not this process is strictly under genetic control or can be modulated by external events. In this latter case, the rather long time for structural and functional development gives the respiratory system the opportunity of adjusting to the postnatal changes in metabolic needs. Equally, however, it opens a potentially risky time window for environmental factors to interfere negatively with the normal development of the mechanisms of respiratory control, including ventilatory chemosensitivity.Several studies have questioned whether the ventilatory responses to hypoxia or hypercapnia reflect a genetically controlled and fixed program or are a phenotypic trait that can be modified through experiences, a phenomenon often referred to as developmental plasticity (18; see Ref. 7 for review). For example, studies on ...

show abstract

“…Kusakabe et al (1987) later confirmed the role of the g-s connection in controlling vascular tone of the carotid labyrinth as described in the Introduction. Thereafter, the g-s connection has been observed in the glomus cells in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches of the domestic fowl (Kameda, 1990a(Kameda, , 1994. In Cynops pyrrhogaster, the cytoplasmic processes are closely associated with the endothelial cells (Fig.…”

Section: Light and Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 94%

Carotid labyrinth of amphibians

Kusakabe

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The amphibian carotid labyrinth is a characteristic maze-like vascular expansion at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries. The carotid labyrinths of anurans are spherical and those of urodeles are oblong. In the intervascular stroma of both anuran and urodelan carotid labyrinths, the glomus cells (type I cells, chief cells) are distributed singly or in clusters between connective tissue cells and smooth muscle cells. In fluorescence histochemistry, the glomus cells emit intense fluorescence for biogenic monoamines. In fine structure, the glomus cells are characterized by a number of dense-cored vesicles in their cytoplasm. The glomus cells have long, thin cytoplasmic processes, some of which are closely associated with smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes. Afferent, efferent, and reciprocal synapses are found on the glomus cells. The morphogenesis of the carotid labyrinth starts in the larvae at the point where the carotid arch descends to the internal gills. Through the early stages of larval development, the slightly expanded region of the external carotid artery becomes closely connected with the carotid arch. By the end of the foot stage, the expanded region becomes globular, and at the final stage of metamorphosis the carotid labyrinth is close to its adult form. In fine structure, the glomus cells appear as early as the initial stage of larval development. At the middle stages of development, the number of dense-cored vesicles increases remarkably. Distinct afferent synapses are found in juveniles, although efferent synapses can be seen during metamorphosis. The carotid labyrinth is innervated by nerve fibers containing several kinds of regulatory neuropeptides. Double-immunolabeling in combination with a multiple dye filter system demonstrates the coexistence of two different neuropeptides. The amphibian carotid labyrinth has been electrophysiologically confirmed to have arterial chemo- and baroreceptor functions analogous to those of the mammalian carotid body and carotid sinus. The ultrastructural characteristics of the glomus cells during and after metamorphosis suggest that the glomus cells contribute to the chemoreception after metamorphosis. The three-dimensional fine structure of vascular corrosion casts suggests that the amphibian carotid labyrinth has the appropriate architecture for controlling vascular tone and the findings throughout metamorphosis reveal that the vascular regulatory function begins at an early stage of metamorphosis. In addition, immunohistochemical studies suggest that the vascular regulation in the carotid labyrinth is under peptidergic innervation. Thus, the multiple functions of the carotid labyrinth underline the importance of this relatively small organ for maintenance of homeostasis and appropriate blood supply to the cephalic region.

show abstract

Electron microscopic study on the development of the carotid body and glomus cell groups distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches in the chicken

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery in the bird

Carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery in the bird

Ventilatory chemosensitivity of the 1-day-old chicken hatchling after embryonic hypoxia

Carotid labyrinth of amphibians

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About