Ultrastructural Differences Between Thymic and Lymph Node Small Lymphocytes of Mice: Nucleolar Size and Cytoplasmic Volume

Heiniger, H J; Riedwyl, Hans; Giger, H.; Sordat, Bernard; Cottier, H.

doi:10.1182/blood.v30.3.288.288

Cited by 30 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Analysis even of a truely recorded volume distribution of lymph cells or blood mononuclears will still be complicated by two facts: Thymocytes, known to mix to some extent with the recirculating pool, are only slightly smaller than the majority of the recirculating lymphocytes (Heiniger et al 1967). From numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments, lymphocytes are known to change their cell volume in reflection of a functional state quite easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution of Lymph Cells

Sattler

Schnappauf

1970

Scandinavian Journal of Haematology

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With the presently available equipment (Coulter counter in combination with a multichannel analyzer) reproducible and biologically meaningfull cell volume distributions can be recorded within a short time (2–3 min) from a large sample of cells (105). Lymph cells remain nearly stable for 2–3 hours in lymph with heparin as anticoagulant. On dilution with most of the presently available ‘isotonic’ and ‘balanced’ salt solutions the lymph cells immediately start to swell or shrink. In two diluents a labile equilibrium of volume distribution is maintained for about 10 min. During this time a reproducible size distribution diagram can be recorded. Some potentialities and limitations of the method are discussed on the basis of two experiments: the changes in size distribution of cells in the efferent lymph of an antigenically stimulated lymph node and in thoracic duct lymph in the course of a depletion of the pool of recirculating lymphocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution of Lymph Cells

Sattler

Schnappauf

1970

Scandinavian Journal of Haematology

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“…In such a situation, measured values can lead by chance to considerable deviations from the true values, unless a very large number of measurement is obtained. The deviation from the true diameter can be correlated with sample size [Heiniger et al, 1967[Heiniger et al, , 1971 Weibel, 19691. The major problem with the first, EM study, is the relatively small sample size at each time point.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Cytological Analysis of Functional Changes in Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cells in Normal, Sham‐Operated, and Pinealectomized Rats in Relation to Time of Day: I. Nucleolar Size

Kachi¹,

Banerji²,

Quay³

1984

Journal of Pineal Research

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Adrenaline (A)- and noradrenaline (N)-cells in juxtacortical and central areas of adrenal medullas of nonoperated, sham-operated, and pinealectomized male rats (n = 125) were investigated by quantitative electron and light microscopy. Animals were killed at eight time points during a standardized 24-h, light-dark (12:12) cycle 14 d after surgery. Diameters of nucleoli (n = 9,600) and the nucleolar margination rate were studied chiefly by light microscopy. Major findings include the following: Twenty-four-hour changes occurred in nucleolar diameters in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells in nonoperated animals, with the peak in the late dark phase (X +/- SD, A-cells: 1.29 +/- 0.06 micron; N-cells; 1.23 +/- 0.05 micron) and the minimum in the mid-light (A-cells: 1.16 +/- 0.04 micron) or early dark (N-cells: 1.14 +/- 0.03 micron) phase. These changes were markedly dampened (diminished) in sham-operated animals. Since this dampening of time-of-day changes after sham-operations was not seen in A-cells after pinealectomy, mediation by the gland of this dampening is suggested. Pinealectomized animals showed 24-h changes in nucleolar diameters, but these changes differed from those of nonoperated controls in their temporal and phase relations. For example, there was phase advance in A-cells in the juxtacortical area and desynchronization in N-cells. Furthermore, rhythm amplitude was slightly increased in A-cells and slightly decreased in N-cells after pinealectomy. A- and N-cells differed from each other consistently and significantly in the quantitative morphology of their nuleoli and nuclei, and slightly in the patterns of their time-of-day changes in nucleolar size. Nucleolar size usually showed a tendency for a regional gradient, decreasing slightly from periphery toward the center. These observations contribute to our understanding of the chronobiology and functional relations of adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, and of the effects of pinealectomy and sham operations upon this system.

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“…One might speculate that blood lymphocytes are a random sample of all small lymphocytes present in lymphoreticular organs and that the differential depletion produced by ECIB in the tissues reflects the rate of exchange of cells between the latter and the circulating blood. This explanation is probably incomplete since certain organs such as the thymus are not important sites of recirculation (review: Ford & Gowans, 1968), and since various zones of lymphoreticular organs are known to contain different types of lymphocytes (Grundmann, 1958;Heiniger et al, 1967). Therefore it seems more appropriate to consider the differential effects of prolonged ECIB on the lymphocyte content in the various organ compartments as a complex function of the migrational behavior of these cells, their proliferative activity, their potentialities with regard to further differentiation and their radiosensitivity.…”

Section: L S C U S S L O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Lymphocytes

et al. 1970

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Continuous extracorporeal irradiation of the circulating blood (ECIB) of from 3 to 501/2 hr duration was used to study in the calf the differential depletion of lymphocytes from spleen, lymph nodes and thymus as compared to blood and thoracic duct lymph. The cell content of tissues was measured by planimetry and/or test point analysis. Lymphocyte depletion by ECIB from various lymphoreticular organs, and from different areas within a given organ, was less than in the circulating blood or the thoracic duct lymph and varied from one site of a lymphoreticular organ to another. The degree of depletion with time followed an exponential function with at least two components. The first component corresponded to a relatively rapid fall and the second to a very slow reduction in lymphocyte content. The former is related to the elimination of an easily mobilizable pool of lymphocytes while the latter corresponds to a more sessile mass of lymphocytes which exchange with blood lymphocytes very slowly. Elimination of the easily mobilizable pool of lymphocytes by ECIB from all tissues studied was observed within 10–15 hr, indicating that the rate of exchange with blood is similar for this group of cells in various lymphoreticular tissues. The size, however, of the easily mobilizable vs the more sessile pools of lymphocytes may vary considerably, the best estimates for the former being as follows (in per cent of total lymphocyte mass): lymph node medulla, less than 10%; lymph node cortex plus paracortical zone, 18% (depletion mainly paracortical); red pulp of the spleen, 37%; densely populated white pulp of the spleen, 55%; and loosely populated white pulp of the spleen, 60%. In comparison, the approximate fractions of lymphocytes originating fromthe easily mobilizable pools in various lymphoreticular tissues plus the cells already circulating a t the onset of EClB correspond to 64% for the thoracic duct lymph and 78% for the circulating blood respectively. These findings are discussed in relation to production, recirculation and life span of lymphocytes, and immune reactions.

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Ultrastructural Differences Between Thymic and Lymph Node Small Lymphocytes of Mice: Nucleolar Size and Cytoplasmic Volume

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Size Distribution of Lymph Cells

Size Distribution of Lymph Cells

Quantitative Cytological Analysis of Functional Changes in Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cells in Normal, Sham‐Operated, and Pinealectomized Rats in Relation to Time of Day: I. Nucleolar Size

Studies on Lymphocytes

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