Ultrastructural changes during the symbiotic development of Spiranthes sinensis (Orchidaceae) protocorms associated with binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis group C

Uetake, Yukari; Kobayashi, Kiroku; Ogoshi, Akira

doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80966-0

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…During peloton collapse, MTs surrounding, link-Ultrastructural studies of colonized S. sinensis ing and in circular formation on the pelotons were protocorm cells (Uetake et al, 1992), showed that observed in the cells of S. sinensis. In the Zinnia hyphae forming pelotons and collapsed masses were mesophyll system.…”

Section: Controlsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Microtubules are absent from host invade the very reduced embryo and form hyphal cell cytoplasm contiguous to the haustorium coils called pelotons, which are separated from the branches, which are surrounded by host cell mem-host cytoplasm by an interfacial matrix and host brane. Mycorrhizal fungal species also alter the plasma membrane (Hadley, 1982; Peterson & cytoskeleton of higher plant cells (Timonin et al, Currah, 1990;Uetake, Kobayashi & Ogoshi, 1992;Dearnaley & McGee, 1996). In ectomycor-Rasmussen, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in microtubule arrays in symbiotic orchid protocorms during fungal colonization and senescence

1997

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SUMMARYMicrotubule arrays were studied in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames protocorms cultured in vitro either asymbiotically or symbiotically with the fungus Ceratobasidium cornigerum (Bourdot) Rogers by localizing /?-tubulin in hand sections observed with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cortical microtubules present in uncolonized cells disappeared when cells became colonized by the fungus. However, microtubules were observed between the hyphae forming hyphal coils (pelotons) in colonized cells. In these cells a close relationship between pelotons, microtubules and nuclei was often observed, and microtubules associated with hyphae formed a net-like structure through the pelotons. During senescence and condensation of the pelotons, microtubules were observed surrounding the pelotons, between collapsing hyphae and as circular profiles within the collapsed hyphal masses. In cells which contained completely collapsed hyphal masses and which were not recolonized, cortical microtubules reappeared and continued from the cell periphery through the hyphal remains to the collapsed hyphal masses. Microtubules associated with hyphae seemed to be involved in the condensation of hyphal masses in the host cells. Microtubules were also observed within hyphae, except in those which were collapsing or had collapsed.Key words: Microtubules, orchid protocorms, hyphal senescence, immunolabelling, confocal microscopy. INTRODUCTION''^•' ^^^^^^ Similarly, Dearnaley & McGee (1996) reported the loss of plant MTs upon colonization of Microtubules (MTs), along with microfilaments, are protocorms of the orchid species Microtis parvifiora components of the cytoskeleton of plant cells and can R. Br. by a mycorrhizal fungus. Prelitninary results be altered by a variety of external influences (Lloyd, in our laboratory, however, with a different orchid 1982, 1991). Interactions between fungi and plant species and using different methods of tissue prepcells also result in changes in the arrays of MTs in aration did not support this finding, plant cells. For example, various biotrophic fungal Mycorrhizal fungal associations with orchids are pathogens cause varying degrees of cortical MT of particular interest because of their essential role in depolymerization in plant cells during infection peg seed germination and protocorm development and or haustorium formation ; their similarity in many respects to biotrophic fungal Gross et al., 1993; Kobayashi, Kobayashi & infections. In most orchid species, fungal hyphae Hardham, 1994). Microtubules are absent from host invade the very reduced embryo and form hyphal cell cytoplasm contiguous to the haustorium coils called pelotons, which are separated from the branches, which are surrounded by host cell mem-host cytoplasm by an interfacial matrix and host brane. Mycorrhizal fungal species also alter the plasma membrane (Hadley, 1982; Peterson & cytoskeleton of higher plant cells (Timonin et al., Currah, 1990;Uetake, Kobayashi & Ogoshi, 1992;Dearnaley & McGee, 1996). In ectomycor-Rasmussen, 1995). P...

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Section: Controlsmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in microtubule arrays in symbiotic orchid protocorms during fungal colonization and senescence

1997

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“…Features such as increased ploidy levels and hypertrophied nuclei and nucleoli are evidence of this (Burgeff 1959, Rasmussen 1990). Digestion cells characteristically lack starch grains (Uetake et al 1992), and in some orchids the peloton structure in digestion cells differs structurally from that of host cells (Wright and Guest 2005). Apart from these facts, we currently know very little of the physiological mechanisms behind the compartmentalization of infection and rejection at the tissue and cell scale.…”

Section: Parasitism or Predation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid mycorrhiza: implications of a mycophagous life style

Rasmussen¹,

Rasmussen²

2009

Oikos

225

174

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Orchid mycorrhiza probably affects about 25 000 plant species and thus roughly one tenth of all higher plants.Histologically, this symbiosis resembles other kinds of endomycorrhiza, the fungal hyphae growing within living plant cells. Considerable evidence, however, suggests that it is not a two-way exchange relationship and thus not potentially mutualistic, such as the wide-spread endomycorrhiza between plants and Glomalean fungi, known as arbuscular mycorrhiza. During the achlorophyllous seedling stage orchids are obligately dependent on the fungi; some species remain so through life, while others establish photosynthesis but to varying degrees remain facultatively dependent of / responsive to fungal infection as adults. None of the fungi involved are so far known to depend on the symbiosis with orchids. Transfer of organic carbon compounds from hyphae to the orchid has been demonstrated repeatedly, but it is not clear to what extent this takes place during a biotrophic phase while the intracellular hyphae remain intact, or during the subsequent extensive degradation of the hyphal coils. The advantage of viewing orchid mycorrhiza basically as a unilateral mycophagous relationship, in spite of hypothetical beneficial spin-offs to the mycobiont, is that it provides a conceptual framework similar to that of other parasitic or fungivore relationships; mechanisms known in such relationships could be searched for in future studies of the orchidÁfungus symbiosis. These could include mechanisms for recognition, attraction and selection of fungi, physiological regulation of internal hyphal growth, breakdown, and material transfer, nutritional consequences of the plant's preference(s) and trophic changes, fungal avoidance mechanisms, and consequences at population and ecosystem levels. A whole range of possible life strategies becomes apparent that could support divergent evolution and lead to the proliferation of species that has indeed occurred in the orchid family. We outline some of the possible physiological mechanisms and ecological implications of this approach.

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“…Hyphae collapse within the cortical cells in arbascular, ericoid, arbutoid and orchid mycorrhiza, and E-strain ectoendomycorrhiza (Scannerini and Bonfante-Fasolo, 1983;Fusconi and Bonfante-fasolo, 1984;Pich~ et al, 1984;Uetake et al, 1992).…”

Section: Collapse Of Fungal Hyphae Near the Tip Of The Stelementioning

confidence: 99%

A morphological study of the mycorrhiza of Entoloma clypeatum f. hybridum on Rosa multiflora

Kobayashi

Hatano

2001

Mycoscience

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Mycorrhizas of Entoloma clypeatum f. hybridum on Rosa multiflora in the field in Japan were studied by stereo, light and electron microscopy. In most mycorrhizas, the root cap, meristem, and apical region of the cortex disappeared, but in a few mycorrhizas, these tissues remained. Fungal hyphae of the mycorrhizas invaded root tissues and branched palmately. Hyphae in contact with cortical cells were larger than those far from the root cells and contained many mitochondria, cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and transitional vesicles. Invading hyphae were undulate in the apical part of the mycorrhiza, and some of them lacked distinct organelles. Electron-dense granules accumulated in the root cells adjacent to the fungal hyphae. Both the remnants of the plant cells and the fungal hyphae were included in the amorphous materials on the tip of the stele. These observationssuggest the destructive infection by fungal hyphae of the root cells and their collapse near the tip of the stele:Key Words--Ento/oma c/ypeatum f. hybridurn; mycorrhiza; Rosa rnu/tif/ora; ultrastructure,The genus Entoloma (Fr.) Kumm. belongs to Agaricales (Basidiomycetes) and consists of saprotrophic and biotrophic (mycorrhizal) species, of which some of the latter are known to be associated with the Rosaceous plants

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Ultrastructural changes during the symbiotic development of Spiranthes sinensis (Orchidaceae) protocorms associated with binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis group C

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in microtubule arrays in symbiotic orchid protocorms during fungal colonization and senescence

Changes in microtubule arrays in symbiotic orchid protocorms during fungal colonization and senescence

Orchid mycorrhiza: implications of a mycophagous life style

A morphological study of the mycorrhiza of Entoloma clypeatum f. hybridum on Rosa multiflora

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