1984. A new method for observing the morphology of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae. Can. J. Bot. 62: 2128-2134.A new procedure using chlorazol black E has been developed for staining vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cleared roots. In a comparative study, chlorazol black E was found to be much superior to previously used stains (acid fuchsin, trypan blue, aniline blue) for showing details of internal hyphae and particularly arbuscules. This clearing and staining procedure, combined with Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, revealed details of arbuscule structure not evident with previous techniques. Field-collected samples were also stained well by this procedure. The procedure should allow more accurate assessment of roots for colonization by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. BRUNDRET~, M. C., Y. PICHE et R. L. PETERSON. 1984. A new method for observing the morphology of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae. Can. J. Bot. 62: 2 128-2 134. Une nouvelle technique de coloration utilisant le noir de chlorazol E a Ctd mise au point, afin de rdvirler a partir de racines Cclaircies les entitCs fongiques appartenant aux endomycorhizes virsicules et arbusculcs. Lors d'une Ctude comparire le noir de chlorazol E confront6 aux autres colorants d'usages (fuchsine acide, blcu de trypan, bleu d'aniline) s'est franchement distingue en montrant plus clairement les details structuraux des arbuscules et des hyphes internes. Cette procedure d'irclaircir et de colorer les racines, jumelCe avec la microscopic de contraste interfirrentielle (Nomarski) a permis de rCvClcr avec plus de prCcision la morphologie des arbuscules par rapport aux techniques employees auparavant. Les Cchantillons provenant du champ et traitirs suivant la prCsente technique de coloration ont aussi donnC de bons resultats. De plus, ce nouveau proctdir devrait Cgalement faciliter les observations des racines h6tes au cours du processus de colonisation par les champignons endomycorhiziens.
Although much still needs to be done, it's clear that with concerted efforts and appropriate resources, change is possible but slow. Retaining and fostering public and political interest in paediatric medicines is challenging, but pivotal for success.
1979. The early morphogenesis of Glycit~~mcix and Pislit~l scitiurrm root nodules. Can. J. Bot. 57: 2603-2616. The development of preemergent and early emergent stages of soybean (Glycine tncis) and garden pea (Pisurn scitic~rnl) root nodules has been studied utilizing the superior preservation and resolution obtained by noncoagulative fixatives and subsequent embedding in plastic. In both species, extensive mitotic activity and cytological changes occur in the root cortical cells while the infection thread is restricted to the infected root hair cell. In soybean the central mass of infected tissue is derived mainly from the outer layer of cortical cells whereas the inner cortical cells contribute extensively to the infected tissue of the pea nodules. The temporal and spatial patterns of mitosis differ in the nodules ofthe two species. Mitotic activity is restricted to a nodule rneristern and occurs over a period of many weeks in pea nodules. In soybean nodules, mitotic activity occurs throughout the central zone and before decreasing, persists over a period of a few weeks. The timing and distribution of mitotic activity affects nodule rnorphogenesis. NEWCOMB, W., D. SIPPELL et R. L. PETERSON. 1979. The early rnorphogenesis of Glycine tnax and Pisrrtn satiolrtn root nodules. Can. J. Bot. 57: 2603-2616. Les auteurs ont etudie le developpernent des stades de pre-emergence et de debut d'lrnergence des nodules racinaires du soja (Glycine max) et du pois (Pisrrt~l sci~iuutn), en utilisant les avantages d'une conservation et d'une resolution superieures obtenues grHce a I'utilisation de fixatifs non-coagulants avant I'enrobage dans le plastique. Chez les deux espkces, d'irnportants changernents surviennent dans I'activite cytologique et rnitotique au niveau des cellules du cortex racinaire alors que le cordon d'infection ne se retrouve que dans le poi1 absorbant infect&. Chez le soja, la rnasse centrale de tissus infectes provient surtout des couches les plus externes des cellules corticales alors que les cellules corticales internes contribuent beaucoup aux tissus nodulaires infectes chez le pois. Le patron spatial et ternporel des mitoses diffkre chez les nodules des deux especes. L'activite rnitotique est restreinte a un rneristeme nodulaire et s'effectue au cours d'une periode de plusieurs sernaines chez le nodule du pois. Quant au nodule du soja, I'activite rnitotique a lieu a travers toute la zone centrale et, avant de decliner, persiste pendant une periode de quelques sernaines. La chronologie et la distribution de I'activite mitotique affecte la rnorphogentse du nodule.[Traduit par le journal]
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