Ultrastructural basis of sclerotial survival in soil

Chet, I.

doi:10.1007/bf02010439

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…With longer charring at low temperatures, some of the cells appear to coalesce (Figures 2i and 2j), however at higher temperatures (450°C) the cells thin and voids appear in the spherules (). Sclerotia surfaces of Botrytis [ Willetts , 1969; Chet , 1975] and Sclerotium show similarities to surfaces illustrated by Kennett et al [2009a]. Chet [1975] described sclerotia with relatively large thin‐walled cortical cells where the outer surface sometimes shows the presence of small balls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Sclerotia surfaces of Botrytis [ Willetts , 1969; Chet , 1975] and Sclerotium show similarities to surfaces illustrated by Kennett et al [2009a]. Chet [1975] described sclerotia with relatively large thin‐walled cortical cells where the outer surface sometimes shows the presence of small balls. These represent closely packed hyphal tips, which sometimes have a film over them [ Willetts , 1969].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Fungus, not comet or catastrophe, accounts for carbonaceous spherules in the Younger Dryas “impact layer”

Scott

Pinter

Collinson

et al. 2010

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] A claim attributes the onset of the Younger Dryas climate interval and a range of other effects ∼12,900 years ago to a comet airburst and/or impact event. One key aspect of this claim centers on the origin of carbonaceous spherules that purportedly formed during intense, impactignited wildfires. Samples from Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary sequences in the California Channel Islands and other sites show that carbon spherules and elongate forms are common in samples dating to before, during, and well after the 12,900-year time horizon, including from modern samples. Microscopic studies show that carbon spherules have morphologies and internal structures identical to fungal sclerotia (such as Sclerotium and Cenococcum). Experimental charring of fungal sclerotia shows that their reflectance increases with temperature. Reflectance measurements of modern and late Pleistocene spherules show that the latter indicate, at most, low-intensity burning. These data cast further doubt upon the evidence suggesting a catastrophic Younger Dryas impact event.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fungus, not comet or catastrophe, accounts for carbonaceous spherules in the Younger Dryas “impact layer”

Scott

Pinter

Collinson

et al. 2010

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…[Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough] causes the disease known as southern blight in a wide variety of crops. Sclerotium rolfsii forms brownish sclerotia that can survive in soil for long periods, frequently tolerating biological and chemical degradation due to the presence of melanin in the outer membrane (Chet, 1975). Among the methods employed to manage S. rolfsii are the following: fungicide applications, solarization, use of antagonistic microorganisms, deep plowing, crop rotation, and incorporation of organic and inorganic residues (Punja, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic amendments on sclerotial germination, mycelial growth, and Sclerotium rolfsii-induced diseases

Blum

Rodrı́guez-Kábana

2004

Fitopatol. bras.

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The addition of organic residues to soil is an option to control some soil-borne diseases. Benzaldehyde and powders of kudzu (Pueraria lobata), velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana), and pine-bark (Pinus elliottii and P. taeda) added to soil could reduce certain soil-borne diseases. This study evaluated the effects of benzaldehyde and the dried powders of kudzu, velvetbean, and pine-bark as soil amendments on germination and formation of sclerotia, on mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, on plant survival, and disease incidence. The data showed that high amounts of benzaldehyde (0.4 ml kg-1 of soil) and velvetbean (100 g kg-1) inhibited S. rolfsii mycelial growth and sclerotium germination. However, low amounts of benzaldehyde (0.1 ml kg-1), kudzu (25 g kg-1), and pine-bark (25 g kg-1) stimulated mycelial growth and sclerotium germination. Kudzu (25-100 g kg-1) and velvetbean (25-100 g kg-1) inhibited the formation of sclerotia. Nevertheless, benzaldehyde at 0.2 and 0.4 ml kg-1 stimulated the formation of sclerotia. Kudzu (50 and 100 g kg-1) and pine-bark (50 g kg-1) favored the colonization of sclerotia by Trichoderma sp. The numbers of soybean (Glycine max) plants were higher and diseased plants were lower than the non-amend soil in the following treatments: kudzu (50 and 100 g kg-1), velvetbean (50 and 100 g kg-1), and pine-bark (50 g kg-1). Disease severity on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants was low in soil treated with kudzu or velvetbean (30 and 35 g kg-1) and pine-bark (35 g kg-1). Dried powders of kudzu, velvetbean, or pine-bark added to soil can reduce disease by reducing pathogen inoculum.

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“…The efficient management of this soil borne plant pathogen is challenging and difficult as well because of its long term survival in soil due to presence of sclerotia72. Moreover, these hard structured sclerotia are well adapted for survival under stressed environment and resistant to physical and chemical degradation due to melanin accumulation in the outer membrane73. Therefore, we were more interested in studying the inhibitory impact of biosynthesized AgNPs on sclerotia germination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Stenotrophomonas sp. BHU-S7 (MTCC 5978) for management of soil-borne and foliar phytopathogens

Mishra

Singh

Naqvi

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

111

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Stenotrophomonas sp. is emerging as a popular microbe of global concern with various potential ecological roles. Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using this bacterial strain has shown promising applications in life sciences. However, there is no report on efficient agricultural applications of biosynthesized AgNPs using Stenotrophomonas sp. In this regard, successful biosynthesis of AgNPs using Stenotrophomonas sp. BHU-S7 (MTCC 5978) was monitored by Uv-visible spectrum showing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 440 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs were spherical with an average mean size of ~12 nm. The antifungal efficacy of biosynthesized AgNPs against foliar and soil-borne phytopathogens was observed. The inhibitory impact of AgNPs (2, 4, 10 μg/ml) on conidial germination was recorded under in vitro conditions. Interestingly, sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii exposed to AgNPs failed to germinate on PDA medium and in soil system. Moreover, AgNPs treatment successfully managed collar rot of chickpea caused by S. rolfsii under greenhouse conditions. The reduced sclerotia germination, phenolic acids induction, altered lignification and H2O2 production was observed to be the probable mechanisms providing protection to chickpea against S. rolfsii. Our data revealed that AgNPs treated plants are better equipped to cope with pathogen challenge pointing towards their robust applications in plant disease management.

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Ultrastructural basis of sclerotial survival in soil

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Fungus, not comet or catastrophe, accounts for carbonaceous spherules in the Younger Dryas “impact layer”

Fungus, not comet or catastrophe, accounts for carbonaceous spherules in the Younger Dryas “impact layer”

Effect of organic amendments on sclerotial germination, mycelial growth, and Sclerotium rolfsii-induced diseases

Potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Stenotrophomonas sp. BHU-S7 (MTCC 5978) for management of soil-borne and foliar phytopathogens

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