Ultrastructural and structural characterization of zygotes and embryos during development in Sargassum cymosum (Phaeophyceae, Fucales)

Abstract

This study investigates the pattern and performance of cellular structures during the early development of zygotes and embryos of Sargassum cymosum. The early development S. cymosum germlings has already been characterized and compared with the pattern of development established for all fucoid algae, in which the zygote remains attached to the receptacle by mucilage during the establishment of polarity and early cell division. As in the algae Fucus and Silvetia, the first division is transverse across the longer axis of the zygote of S. cymosum. However, the cell that will give rise to the rhizoids is not determined in the first division; rather, the formation of this cell occurs with the second division, forming a small cell in the embryo shaded site. Stabilizing polarity during the process of forming a multicellular embryo occurs rapidly. During development, significant cytoplasmic alterations take place. Initially, the cytoplasm shows large clusters of phenolic compounds located in specific parts, but later, in the course of development, these compounds are dispersed in the cytoplasm, although a significant amount remains confined to the nucleus. Moreover, to produce more zygotes and higher growth rates for the germlings, the best conditions found for the species S. cymosum were 22 and 26 °C, respectively.

Phenological study of Sargassum thunbergii (Fucales, Phaeophyta) in Lidao Bay, Rongcheng, China

“…However, attempts at large-scale cultivation have been unsuccessful because of a lack of understanding of their basic biology. The few studies of Sargassum to date have focused on its ecology and developmental biology (Umezaki, 1974;Koh et al, 1993;Zheng and Chen, 1993;Zhao et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2013;Rover et al, 2015).…”