Ultrastructural and Immunoelectron Microscopic Studies of the Peri‐Implant Epithelium‐Implant (Ti‐6Al‐4V) Interface of Rat Maxilla

Ikeda, Hiromu; Yamaza, Takayoshi; Yoshinari, Masao; Ohsaki, Yasuyoshi; Ayukawa, Yasunori; Kido, Mizuho A.; Inoue, Takashi; Shimono, Masaki; Koyano, Kiyoshi; Takano, Teruo

doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.6.961

Cited by 111 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Differences between the peri-implant epithelium and the junctional epithelium of natural teeth are well known (6,(9)(10)(11)14). Fujizeki et al reported that the peri-implant epithelium is similar to that seen in the oral mucosa, but that it is structurally different from the functional epithelium (6).…”

Section: Behavior Of the Peri-implant Epithelium And Nerve Endingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many investigators have studied the differences in functions and morphological features between the peri-implant epithelium and the normal junctional epithelium (6,(9)(10)(11)14). Those studies revealed that the intercellular spaces of peri-implant epithelium are wider, which suggests that subsequent defense reactions might be weaker than those of normal junctional epithelial cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the peri-implant epithelium in hamster palatine mucosa: Behavior of Merkel cells and nerve endings

et al. 2005

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Merkel cells and nerve elements during tissue regeneration after receiving dental implants. Golden hamsters were divided into 3 groups and titanium alloy implants were fixed in their left-side maxilla through the third palatine ruga. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after the implantation and tissues were characterized at the immunohistochemical and morphological levels. CK 20 and PGP 9.5 antibodies which react with Merkel cells and nerve fibers were used. Immunohistochemically, no CK20-positive Merkel cells were seen in the peri-implant epithelium throughout the 7 days. However, starting at day 4, PGP 9.5-positive nerve fibers appeared in the connective tissue, and by day 7, nerve fibers had invaded the more superficial layer of the peri-implant epithelium compared to the mucosa removal control group. At the electron microscopic level, the intercellular spaces of the regenerating epithelium in the mucosa removal control group were small. In contrast, intercellular spaces of the peri-implant epithelium tended to be wide and regenerating nerve fibers invaded those intercellular spaces. In both the mucosa removal control group and the implantation group, the basal lamina and connective tissues regenerated completely. However, clear Merkel cells containing neurosecretory granules were not observed. Taken together, our results indicate that Merkel cells in the hamster palatine mucosa do not regenerate in the peri-implant epithelium. However, regenerative nerve fibers seem to play essential roles as part of the defense and sensory systems around the peri-implant epithelium to compensate for the weakened defense mechanism.It is well known that Merkel cells play an important role in tissues as a sensory system for pressure (8,16,28). Previous studies have revealed that Merkel cells are widely distributed in human oral mucosal tissues including the lip, hard palate and mandibular gingiva (1, 13). A fundamental, ultrastructural study of rodent oral mucosa demonstrated that two types of Merkel cells, with dendritic or roundish shapes, are recognized. Most dendritic Merkel cells are free of innervations while the roundish ones are innervated (26). In addition, Merkel cell-neurite complexes are considered to be slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors in the oral mucosa of the hamster cheek pouch (28,29).The behavior of Merkel cells after denervation has also been elucidated (22), the conclusion being that Merkel cells survive with normal density and appearance in the epidermis after denervation. A study of the behavior of Merkel cells and nerve endings after partial excision of the lip has shown that Merkel cells and nerve fibers are regenerated (25). However, there have been no reports on the behavior of Merkel cells and/or nerve endings in re-

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Section: Behavior Of the Peri-implant Epithelium And Nerve Endingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of the peri-implant epithelium in hamster palatine mucosa: Behavior of Merkel cells and nerve endings

et al. 2005

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“…A laminin-5-containing basement membrane (internal basal lamina) intervenes between the tooth or implant and epithelial cells [4]. Cells are connected to this basement membrane by hemidesmosomes (HDs), which are multiprotein complexes that mediate stable anchoring by providing a tight link between the intracellular intermediate filament network system and the extracellular matrix of the underlying basement membrane [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Titanium Surface Calcium and Magnesium on Adhesive Activity of Epithelial-Like Cells and Fibroblasts

et al. 2012

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In the present study, we investigated the hydrothermal treatment of titanium with divalent cation solutions and its effect in promoting the adhesion of gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts in vitro. Gingival keratinocyte-like Sa3 cells or fibroblastic NIH3T3 cells were cultured for 1 h on experimental titanium plates hydrothermally-treated with CaCl2 (Ca) or MgCl2 (Mg) solution, or distilled water (DW). The number and adhesive strengths of attached cells on the substrata were then analyzed. The number of Sa3 cells adhering to the Ca- and Mg-treated plates was significantly larger than in the DW group, but the strength of this adhesion did not differ significantly between groups. In contrast, NIH3T3 cell adhesion number and strength were increased in both the Ca and Mg groups compared to the DW group. Fluorescent microscopic observation indicated that, in all groups, Sa3 had identical expression levels of integrin β4 and development of actin filaments, whereas NIH3T3 cells in the Ca and Mg groups displayed much stronger punctate cytoplasmic signals for vinculin and more bundle-shaped actin filaments than cells in the DW group. As a result, it was indicated that the hydrothermal treatment of titanium with Ca or Mg solution improved the integration of soft tissue cells with the substrata, which may facilitate the development of a soft tissue barrier around the implant.

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“…However, Jansen et al 24) suggested that half desmosomes did not form on metals such as titanium. Ikeda et al 19) used implants made of titanium in rats and reported that the junctional epithelium structure exists only at the bottom of the implant circumference epithelium. They also reported that the peri-implant epithelium on the oral cavity side had many microprocesses and that they could not see any adhesion with the implant in that area.…”

Section: Peri-implant Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that the exogenous material easily penetrated from the gingival crevice to the connective tissue and that this route is probably involved in the initial stage of disease around the teeth. Ikeda et al 19) carried out a similar experiment in the implant circumference groove. They reported that many more particles could be found in the circumference epithelial cells of the implants than in the junctional epithelium.…”

Section: Peri-implant Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on the Features of Peri-Implant Epithelium: Immunohistochemical and Electron-Microscopic Observations

Fujiseki

Matsuzaka

Yoshinari

et al. 2003

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical and the ultrastructural features of the implant circumference epithelium of the beagle dog using various types of antibodies. The peri-implant epithelium was at an acute-angle from the gingival epithelium and was arranged in parallel to the implant surface. With immunohistochemical staining, the peri-implant epithelium was strongly positive for KL-1, and weakly positive for CK4, CK8 and CK19. These positive reactions for keratins and also for PCNA and BM-1 were similar to those seen in the oral mucosa. In the periimplant epithelium, a plentitude of microvilli were observed at the periphery of cells at the implant sites, and bacteria were observed between the implant and the peri-implant epithelium without the formation of half desmosomes. There were many lipid-like vacuoles or lysosome-like granules. The intercellular space was wider than the junctional epithelium, and random migrations of large numbers of neutrophils could be seen. Taken together, the peri-implant epithelium is similar to that seen in the oral mucosa, and it is structurally different from the junctional epithelium.

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Ultrastructural and Immunoelectron Microscopic Studies of the Peri‐Implant Epithelium‐Implant (Ti‐6Al‐4V) Interface of Rat Maxilla

Cited by 111 publications

References 41 publications

Characterization of the peri-implant epithelium in hamster palatine mucosa: Behavior of Merkel cells and nerve endings

Characterization of the peri-implant epithelium in hamster palatine mucosa: Behavior of Merkel cells and nerve endings

Effect of Titanium Surface Calcium and Magnesium on Adhesive Activity of Epithelial-Like Cells and Fibroblasts

An Experimental Study on the Features of Peri-Implant Epithelium: Immunohistochemical and Electron-Microscopic Observations

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