Ultrastable low-noise current amplifier

Drung, D.; Krause, Christian; Becker, U.; Scherer, H.; Ahlers, F. J.

doi:10.1109/cpem.2014.6898556

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…From this one can see that at least nanoampere levels (f ≈ 5 GHz) with an uncertainty below 10 −7 are required for the current standard to be of practical relevance. However, much lower currents may be sufficient owing to the recent development of the ultrastable low-noise current amplifier -ULCA [170]. It is a non-cryogenic instrument based on specially designed operational amplifiers and resistor networks.…”

Section: Precision Requirements For Metrological Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping with tunable-barrier quantum dots: a review of current progress

2015

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Precise manipulation of individual charge carriers in nanoelectronic circuits underpins practical applications of their most basic quantum property -the universality and invariance of the elementary charge. A charge pump generates a net current from periodic external modulation of parameters controlling a nanostructure connected to source and drain leads; in the regime of quantized pumping the current varies in steps of qef as function of control parameters, where qe is the electron charge and f is the frequency of modulation. In recent years, robust and accurate quantized charge pumps have been developed based on semiconductor quantum dots with tunable tunnel barriers. These devices allow modulation of charge exchange rates between the dot and the leads over many orders of magnitude and enable trapping of a precise number of electrons far away from equilibrium with the leads. The corresponding non-adiabatic pumping protocols focus on understanding of separate parts of the pumping cycle associated with charge loading, capture and release. In this report we review realizations, models and metrology applications of quantized charge pumps based on tunable-barrier quantum dots.

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Section: Precision Requirements For Metrological Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…about 6 × 10 −8 [170]. The stable current gain calibrated against primary standards allows direct comparison of the amplified current to a reference current, again traced back to primary standards.…”

Section: Precision Requirements For Metrological Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping with tunable-barrier quantum dots: a review of current progress

2015

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“…Up to now, only one rather complicated setup was reported that achieved 1 µA/A accuracy [1]. To improve this situation, PTB is pursuing the development of a new picoammeter: the "Ultrastable Lownoise Current Amplifier" (ULCA) is a fully non-cryogenic single-box instrument based on specially designed op-amps and resistor networks, working as current-to-voltage converter [10], [11]. For the experiments reported here, a first prototype with an effective transresistance A tr = U out / I in of 50 MΩ with a temperature coefficient of 1.8 µΩ/Ω per Kelvin was used.…”

Section: Background and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traceable precision generation and measurement of pA direct currents

Scherer

Willenberg

Drung

et al. 2014

29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)

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-We present the comparison of results from the generation and the measurement of direct currents in the pA range, performed with traceable state-of-the-art methods at highest accuracy. The currents were generated with the capacitor charging method, and measured with the first prototype of a novel picoammeter developed at PTB. The results confirm the agreement between both methods and the linearity of the new picoammeter at an uncertainty level of few µA/A. Also, they shed light on the ac-dc difference of capacitors, crucial for current generation with the capacitor charging method.

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“…As an alternative concept for current amplification, a new picoamperemeter instrument is currently under development at PTB [30]. This "Ultrastable Low-noise Current Amplifier" (ULCA) is a fully non-cryogenic single-box instrument, based on a 1000-fold current amplifier stage together with a current-to-voltage converter (transresistance amplifier) stage [31]. The effective transresistance of 1 GΩ is highly stable and can be calibrated traceable to a quantum Hall resistance using a CCC [25].…”

Section: Quantum Current Measurement Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Joint Research Project «Quantum Ampere» for the realisation of the new SI ampere

Scherer

Giblin

Jehl

et al. 2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract.The metrology community lately has adopted the long-term aim of basing the SI unit system on fundamental constants of nature. The base electrical unit, the ampere, will then be re-defined in terms of a fixed value of the elementary charge e. The most direct realization of the new ampere definition requires controlling the number of electrons which flow in a unit time interval, and of counting the errors occurring in this process of clocking single electrons. State of the art nanofabrication technology allows the fabrication of single-electron transport devices -known as single-electron pumps -which generate electric current by moving electrons one at a time. These devices are capable of delivering currents of about 100 pA with an accuracy at the 1 part per million level. Also, ultrasensitive single-electron detectors have been explored that allow electric charge detection on a resolution level below e. The European Joint Research Project presented here, undertaken by a consortium of several research institutes, aims at further developing the best existing concepts of single-electron pumps and to combine them with single-electron detectors for creating highly accurate quantum current sources, to be used as future current standards. Furthermore, necessary current measurement instrumentation will be developed. The paper comprises the project aims and the main results achieved so far.

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Ultrastable low-noise current amplifier

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping with tunable-barrier quantum dots: a review of current progress

Non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping with tunable-barrier quantum dots: a review of current progress

Traceable precision generation and measurement of pA direct currents

Introducing Joint Research Project «Quantum Ampere» for the realisation of the new SI ampere

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