“…Parenchymal diseases can be classified into immunological, infectious, and drug-induced, which in many cases cause delayed onset of transplant function, prolonged hospital stay, and overall shortening of transplant life [9,10]. Currently, the main role of ultrasound is to rule out other causes of transplant failure, and these parenchymal disorders are usually differentiated after taking biopsy specimens and histological assessments [11,12]. Due to the invasiveness of the biopsy process, its complications, and costs, having quickly and patient survival rates increasing, radiologists need to know the anatomical and functional complications in a transplanted kidney [18].…”