Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging in paediatric ocular toxocariasis

Liu, Jinghua; Li, Songfeng; Deng, Guangda; Yang, Wenli; Chen, Wei; Lü, Hai

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309850

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…UBM identified 95% of peripheral granulomas compared to intraoperative evaluation [31]. Compared with indirect ophthalmoscope, statistical analysis showed significant differences in the number of clock hours of peripheral pathology detected by UBM [32]. In summary, all toxocariasis studies found UBM to improve the detection rate of peripheral granulomas, which were more common than posterior granulomas.…”

Section: Uveitismentioning

confidence: 88%

A systematic review of ultrasound biomicroscopy use in pediatric ophthalmology

Alexander

Wei

Palmer

et al. 2020

Eye

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Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is the only available option for noninvasive, high-resolution imaging of the intricate iridociliary complex, and for anterior segment imaging with corneal haze or opacity. While these unique features render UBM essential for specific types of trauma, congenital anomalies, and anterior segment tumors, UBM imaging has found clinical utility in a broad spectrum of diseases for structural assessments not limited to the anterior intraocular anatomy, but also for eyelid and orbit anatomy. This imaging tool has a very specific niche in the pediatric population where anterior segment disease can be accompanied by corneal opacity or clouding, and anomalies posterior to the iris may be present. Pediatric patients present additional diagnostic challenges. They are often unable to offer detailed histories or fully cooperate with examination, thus amplifying the need for high-resolution imaging. This purpose of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the body of literature involving use of UBM to describe, evaluate, diagnose, or optimize treatment of pediatric ocular disease. The collated peer-reviewed research details the utility of this imaging modality, clarifies the structures and diseases most relevant for this tool, and describes quantitative and qualitative features of UBM imaging among pediatric subjects. This summary will include information about the specific applications available to enhance clinical care for pediatric eye disease.

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Section: Uveitismentioning

confidence: 88%

A systematic review of ultrasound biomicroscopy use in pediatric ophthalmology

Alexander

Wei

Palmer

et al. 2020

Eye

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“…B-scan ultrasonography uses the reflections of highfrequency sound waves to construct a two-dimensional, cross-sectional view of the tissue. In toxocariasis, ultrasonography can be utilized to reveal the optic disc granuloma, vitreous bands, retinal folds, and tractional retinal detachment, and also, it is useful in ruling out the presence of ocular tumor (Liu et al 2017).…”

Section: Diagnostic Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular toxocariasis: a neglected parasitic disease in Egypt

El-Sayed

Masoud

2019

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background: Ocular toxocariasis is considered a parasitic disease of major socioeconomic importance. In spite of the high prevalence of human toxocariasis (up to 84%) among Egyptian patients, the incidence of ocular toxocariasis is underestimated. The recognition of this neglected disease would be the initial step to overcome it. Thus, this review gave updated information on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular toxocariasis. Results: Ocular toxocariasis is an important cause of unilateral vision impairment mostly in children and always in the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma. This disease exhibits various manifestations such as posterior pole granuloma, peripheral granuloma, or chronic endophthalmitis. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis can be carried out by the ophthalmic examination and immunodiagnostic methods to reveal the specific antibodies in serum and ocular fluids. In addition, molecular diagnosis, medical imaging techniques, and histopathologic observation of Toxocara larva in the surgically obtained specimens can be performed. Ocular toxocariasis can be treated either medically or surgically. Regarding medical treatment, the ophthalmologists prefer to use steroids and anthelminthic drugs; however, there are no standardized parameters for doses, duration, and route of administration. Conclusion: Clinical suspicion plays a leading role in the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis, but always with other diagnostic methods. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment can minimize ocular morbidity.

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“…At this point, it seems necessary to remember that second-stage larvae of Toxocara canis (dog), T. c a t i (cat), Ascaris suum (pig), or Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon) can cause a visceral larva migrans syndrome after these larvae are released at the gut level. Infection by T. c a n i s can be responsible for an ocular larva migrans [21], while B. procyonis is associated to a devastating neurological syndrome, with children being the riskiest group due to their tendency to play with ground, or take and leave sand in the mouth [22]. The possibility of human infection through the exposure to eggs of roundworms on the coat of dogs has also been considered [23], which remarks the importance of these parasites are easily transmitted to their owners.…”

Section: Importance Of Infection By Parasites From the Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantageous Fungi against Parasites Transmitted through Soil

Malagón¹,

Cazapal-Monteiro²,

Quintero³

et al. 2019

Fungal Infection

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Although many fungal specimens are responsible for human and/or animal infection, other species are advantageous for preventing the infection by soil-transmitted zoonotic parasites. Infection occurs by the accidental ingestion of parasitic stages (cysts, oocysts, eggs, and larvae), their active penetration through the skin or through direct contact. Numerous species of helminths develop an external phase in the soil where the infective stages are attained, thus mammals become infected when grazing, drinking, or accidentally. Ectoparasites as ticks perform also in the soil the phase from egg to larva. Different soil saprophytic fungi that turn into predatory agents when parasitic stages are near have been isolated and described. These species are capable of destroying the pathogens or irreversibly decreasing their viability, providing thus a very interesting and sustainable tool to reduce environmental contamination by pathogenic agents. In the last year, a profound knowledge on the most appropriate fungal species, together with the proper way to disseminate them, has been acquired.

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Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging in paediatric ocular toxocariasis

Abstract: UBM seems to be a valuable and reliable diagnostic technique for the evaluation of patients with ocular toxocariasis. Longitudinal studies will have to determine the relevance of UBM findings for the individual clinical course and their influence on therapeutic decisions.

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

A systematic review of ultrasound biomicroscopy use in pediatric ophthalmology

A systematic review of ultrasound biomicroscopy use in pediatric ophthalmology

Ocular toxocariasis: a neglected parasitic disease in Egypt

Advantageous Fungi against Parasites Transmitted through Soil

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