Ultrasound-assisted forward osmosis desalination using inorganic draw solutes

Qasim, Muhammad; Khudhur, Faisal W.; Aidan, Ahmed; Darwish, Naif A.

doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104810

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The feed solution was prepared using different materials to simulate, as closely as possible, the seawater characteristics in terms of salinity, scaling substances, and algae. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to represent the dissolved solids content [26], calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4 •2H 2 O) was used to represent inorganic fouling and scaling substances [29][30][31], and sodium alginate was used to simulate the biofouling algal organic matter that would exist in seawater intakes [32]. The initial concentration of the draw solution was fixed in all tests at 4.5 M (262.98 g/L) for NaCl and at 2 M (190.42 g/L) for MgCl 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stainless steel studs, washers, and nuts were used to ensure proper assembly of cell parts. Stainless steel frames with 5 mm thickness were also used on the top of the acrylic sheet to avoid any deformation in the acrylic sheets The components of the membrane testing cell housing unit used in this work are presented elsewhere [26].…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the FO process performance was measured by the water flux produced by the membrane. Membrane water flux was calculated based on measuring the change in the mass of the feed solution throughout the respective experiment test according to the following equation [26]:…”

Section: Membrane Water Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bubbles keep growing to a certain size and then collapse. Bubbling collapse produces extreme pressure, up to 1000 atm, and localized temperature up to 5000 K [26,47]. This phenomenon (local hotspots) enhances the heat transfer rates within the feed solution and promotes the creation of a highly turbulent area [26] that can be used to detach the deposited particles on the membrane surface and, thus, enhances the performance by increasing water flux.…”

Section: Effect Of Ultrasound On Membrane Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the number of conducted studies is very limited and diverse in terms of the intended applications and testing conditions. Nonetheless, there is a consensus that coupling ultrasound with FO would enhance the water flux through the membrane under certain conditions [23][24][25][26][27]. The previously reported enhancement of flux with the use of ultrasound-assisted FO for water desalination could be challenged by the fact that most of these studies were not conducted using feed solutions that closely resemble brackish or seawater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination

Al-Sakaji

Al‐Asheh

Maraqa

2022

Water

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This study investigates the effect of using ultrasound on water flux through a forward osmosis membrane when applied for seawater desalination. A synthetically prepared solution simulating seawater with scaling substances and organic foulants was used. The parameters considered include membrane cross-flow velocity, flow configuration (co-current versus counter-current), direction of ultrasound waves relative to the membrane side (active layer versus support layer), and type of draw solution (NaCl versus MgCl2). The study revealed that applying a continuous ultrasound frequency of 40 kHz was effective in enhancing water flux, especially when the ultrasound source faces the membrane active layer, irrespective of the used draw solution. The highest water flux enhancement (70.8% with NaCl draw solution and 61.9% with MgCl2 draw solution) occurred at low cross-flow velocity and with the ultrasound waves facing the membrane active layer. It was also observed that the use of ultrasound generally caused an adverse effect on the water flux when the ultrasound source faces the membrane support layer. Moreover, applying the ultrasound at the membrane support layer increased the reverse solute flux. For all tested cases, higher water flux enhancement was observed with NaCl as a draw solution compared to the cases when MgCl2 was used as a draw solution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Membrane Water Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Ultrasound On Membrane Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination

Al-Sakaji

Al‐Asheh

Maraqa

2022

Water

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Alternative methods for cleaning membranes in water and wastewater treatment

Hilares

Singh²,

Meza

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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Membrane fouling is caused by foulant deposition or adsorption through physical or chemical interactions on the membrane surface, causing the reduction of flux through the membrane. The main drawbacks of chemical agents used for cleaning are cost, damage caused on the membrane, and waste stream making the process unattractive. Alternative, methods such as ultrasound, enzymatic process, and osmotic backwashing were explored for membrane cleaning. Among all mentioned methods, micronanobubbles have been reported as a promising and emergent method for membrane surface cleaning; unfortunately, the information is limited, but preliminary studies have shown it as an efficient, cheap, and environmentally friendly technique. Other methods like electrically and vibratory‐enhanced membrane cleaning also could be interesting but currently are unexplored and information is limited. Practitioner Points Chemical cleaning is an efficient option; however, from an environmental point of view, it is not attractive, and high concentrations could cause damage to the membrane. Micronanobubbles are an emergent and suitable technology for membrane and surface cleaning. Membrane modification and functionalization avoid membrane fast fouling, and the cleaning process is easier, but the manufacture cost could be expensive.

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On the evaluating membrane flux of forward osmosis systems: Data assessment and advanced intelligent modeling

Hekmatmehr,

Esmaeili,

Atashrouz

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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As an emerging desalination technology, forward osmosis (FO) can potentially become a reliable method to help remedy the current water crisis. Introducing uncomplicated and precise models could help FO systems' optimization. This paper presents the prediction and evaluation of FO systems' membrane flux using various artificial intelligence‐based models. Detailed data gathering and cleaning were emphasized because appropriate modeling requires precise inputs. Accumulating data from the original sources, followed by duplicate removal, outlier detection, and feature selection, paved the way to begin modeling. Six models were executed for the prediction task, among which two are tree‐based models, two are deep learning models, and two are miscellaneous models. The calculated coefficient of determination (R2) of our best model (XGBoost) was 0.992. In conclusion, tree‐based models (XGBoost and CatBoost) show more accurate performance than neural networks. Furthermore, in the sensitivity analysis, feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) concentrations showed a strong correlation with membrane flux.Practitioner Points The FO membrane flux was predicted using a variety of machine‐learning models. Thorough data preprocessing was executed. The XGBoost model showed the best performance, with an R2 of 0.992. Tree‐based models outperformed neural networks and other models.

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Ultrasound-assisted forward osmosis desalination using inorganic draw solutes

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination

Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination

Alternative methods for cleaning membranes in water and wastewater treatment

On the evaluating membrane flux of forward osmosis systems: Data assessment and advanced intelligent modeling

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