Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization and validation of an HPLC-DAD method for the quantification of polyphenols in leaf extracts of Cecropia species

Abstract

Cecropia species are traditionally used in Latin American folk medicine and are available as food supplements with little information warranting their quality. The optimum conditions for the extraction of chlorogenic acid (CA), total flavonoids (TF) and flavonolignans (FL) from leaves of Cecropia species were determined using a fractional factorial design (FFD) and a central composite design (CCD). A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was validated for the quantification of CA, TF and FL, following the ICH guidelines. Quantitative and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed. The extraction-optimization methodology enabled us developing an appropriate extraction process with a time-efficient execution of experiments. The experimental values agreed with those predicted, thus indicating suitability of the proposed model. The validation parameters for all chemical markers of the quantification method were satisfactory. The results revealed that the method had excellent selectivity, linearity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision were below than 2 and 5%, respectively) and accuracy (98–102%). The limits of detection and quantification were at nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) level. In conclusion, the simultaneous quantification of chemical markers using the proposed method is an appropriate approach for species discrimination and quality evaluation of Cecropia sp.

Environmentally Friendly Methods for Flavonoid Extraction from Plant Material: Impact of Their Operating Conditions on Yield and Antioxidant Properties

“…The leaves contain a large amount of chlorophyll, and when they are thick and fleshy, they present large quantities of waxes and resins. In recent years, some researchers have worked in the extraction of flavonoids from some leaves, for example, from green tea ( Camellia sinensis ) [ 21 ], mandarin ( Citrus deliciosa Tenore) [ 22 ], and Cecropia species [ 23 ].…”

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Ten Species of Medicinal Importance of Cecropia: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives

“…Among the extraction methods, the most frequently used were maceration, infusion, decoction, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Optimal extraction methods have been evaluated by only a few studies [43,44], where the best extraction parameters were estimated by statistical approaches to reduce the number of experiments and to investigate the effects of various factors, such as temperature, extraction time, and solvent concentration. According to these investigations, extracts with 70 % and 80 % ethanol (EtOH) presented a higher chlorogenic acid, total flavonoid, and flavonolignans content, while extracts with 20 % EtOH showed a higher caffeic acid concentration.…”

“…Flavonoids constitute another important group of compounds observed in Cecropia species (Table 2S, Supporting Information and ▶ Fig. 2), which are found in relatively high concentrations [44,49,51,52]. Many studies have associated flavonoids with the biological and pharmacological effects described for Cecropia [4].…”

EXTRACTION OF MONOMERS OF HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS FROM PODS OF Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. QUEIROZ: EFFECTS OF SOLVENT AND AMOUNT OF DRUG USING RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND DESIRABILITY PROFILE

“…The effects of the ethanol ratio may differ depending on the plant species; may be influenced by the chemical constitution of the extractive solution as to the presence of glycosylated or non-glycosylated constituents, affecting the solubility in certain solvents or mixture; and affect the extraction yield. 23,24…”