Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Ten Species of Medicinal Importance of Cecropia: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives

Abstract

This work covers a systematic review of literature about the genus Cecropia from 1978 to 2020, emphasizing the analysis of 10 of the most relevant species and their associated biological activities. Cecropia is a neotropical genus, which comprises about 61 native species in the American continent where it is known to be part of the traditional medicine of numerous countries. Secondary metabolites described for this genus showed an elevated structural and functional diversity, where polyphenols have been the most abundant. Based on this diversity, Cecropia phytochemicals represent an important source of potential therapeutic agents yet to be exploited. This review also highlights the effectiveness of combining chemometrics and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a novel approach to successfully single out Cecropia species phytochemicals. While the medicinal use of Cecropia species is officially recognized in National Pharmacopoeias and Formularies of several Latin American countries, it is important to recognize that these phytomedicines are complex mixtures requiring a thorough understanding of their chemical composition and their correlation with biological activities to guarantee their quality, safety, and efficacy.

Terpenes from Cecropia Species and Their Pharmacological Potential

“…(‘ambay’) is listed in the Argentinian Pharmacopeia (6th edition) [ 17 ]. In addition to this, these species have a wide range of traditional uses [ 18 ]. In El Salvador, the leaves of C. obtusifolia are employed to make a sedative tea, and are used in treating conditions such as arthritis, rheumatism, and inflammations [ 19 ].…”

“…This same species is utilized to treat cardiovascular diseases in Panama [ 20 ] and in Mexico for conditions like cough, asthma, bronchitis, fever, hepatic and kidney diseases, rheumatism, and inflammation, among others, as well as for its diuretic effect [ 21 ]. Another frequently utilized species in traditional medicine is C. peltata , whose leaves are primarily used to treat cough, respiratory problems, blood and circulatory system disorders, hypertension, diabetes, and kidney infections and to promote kidney functions [ 18 ]. One recurring use of the Cecropia genus across different countries in South America is its application in lowering blood sugar levels and preventing type 2 diabetes.…”

“…The leaves of this plant are boiled in water and the infusion is drunk throughout the day [ 29 ]. Other common ethnopharmacological uses for the genus include treatments for inflammation, respiratory conditions like asthma and cough, heart diseases, and high blood pressure [ 18 ]. While the genus has numerous ethnopharmacological applications, 14 species are specifically noted for their significant use [ 18 ].…”