Ultrasonography of Diffuse Liver Disease A Review

Biller, David S.; Kantrowitz, Brett M.; Miyabayashi, Takayoshi

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb03154.x

Cited by 52 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ultrasonography is useful in evaluating focal liver disease (4). It is also an accurate non-invasive means of monitoring the progression of disease because of its ability to evaluate the parenchymal structure of the liver in animals (1,4,8,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hepatopathy is characterized histologically by a pattern of cytoplasmic vacuolization (2, 3,5,7,18) and biochemically by induction of liver enzymes, especially the corticosteroid-induced'alkaline phosphatase (CALP) that is unique to dogs (2,6). On ultrasonography (USG), hepatomegaly and increased hepatic parenchymal ecpogenicity because of the diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization have been noted (4). Diffuse hepatic diseases are harder to detect ultrasono-graphically than focal processes because they cause less alteration of normal hepatic echotexture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of attenuation and liver‐kidney contrast of liver ultrasonographs with histology and biochemistry in dogs with experimentally induced steroid hepatopathy

Syakalima

Takiguchi

Yasuda

et al. 1998

Veterinary Quarterly

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Prednisolone administration resulted in increased acoustic backscatter (hyperechogenicity) of the liver with reference to the kidney and significant depth attenuation (hyper-attenuation). Absolute changes were determined by histogram analysis of echo means (Ems) of area samples (1xlcm) of liver and kidney at the depth of 2 cm (liver-kidney contrast) and at 2 cms and 4 cm (depth attenuation). Liver-kidney contrast histograms correlated well with histology but were more sensitive than serum enzyme activity and subjective visual interpretation. Depth attenuation was the earliest detectable acoustic change. These results suggested that depth attenuation is an early and sensitive indicator of steroid hepatopathy. Liver-kidney contrast correlates well with histology and may complement biopsy examination during follow-up studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of attenuation and liver‐kidney contrast of liver ultrasonographs with histology and biochemistry in dogs with experimentally induced steroid hepatopathy

Syakalima

Takiguchi

Yasuda

et al. 1998

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…A téc-nica ultrassonográfica empregada foi a preconizada por Nyland et al (2005) e o fígado considerado normal quando respeitava as características descritas na literatura (Barr 1992, Mamprim 2004, Nyland et al 2005. Para se evitar artefatos técnicos, que poderiam ressaltar falsas alterações de ecogenicidade hepática, a aná-lise comparativa do fígado com baço, rins e gordura falsiforme foi realizada utilizando-se imagens focadas na mesma profundidade de campo, como sugerem Biller et al (1992).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

“…A ultrassonografia, ferramenta essencial para identificar anormalidades no parênquima hepático, trato biliar e sistema vascular (Cartee 1981, Lamb 1990, Biller et al 1992, Barr 1995, Selcer 1995, Feeney et al 2008, é capaz de acrescentar informações diagnósticas antes mesmo de serem observadas alterações em exames bioquímicos e em radiografias convencionais (Nyland et al 1989, Mamprim et al 1997, Kanemoto et al 2013. Isso se deve ao fato de que 70% ou mais da capacidade funcional do fígado deve estar comprometida para que haja manifestações clí-nicas e alterações nas atividades séricas das enzimas hepá-ticas (Dial 1995, Tennant 1997.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Todavia, é muito frequente, nos exames ultrassonográficos, a visibilização de alterações difusas da ecogenicidade hepática, as quais são mais difíceis de serem identificadas, especialmente as de padrão homogêneo, por não promoverem alteração evidente na arquitetura do parênquima hepático, e por requererem avaliação comparativa da ecogenicidade com outros órgãos abdominais, necessitando experiência e destreza do avaliador (Biller et al 1992, Nyland et al 2005. Na literatura veterinária há escassez de trabalhos científi-cos correlacionando alterações de ecogenicidade difusas e homogêneas do parênquima hepático aos seus respectivos achados laboratoriais e às afecções que acometem o fígado.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Variação da ecogenicidade difusa em parênquima hepático homogêneo relacionada aos achados bioquímicos e hematológicos em cães

Medeiros

Freitas²,

Canola³

2013

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(Supl.1):85-92, dezembro 2013 85 RESUMO.-No presente estudo foi analisado o parênquima hepático com características homogêneas e ecogenicidade difusa reduzida (G1), aumentada (G2) e normal (G3), em relação ao perfil dos animais, dimensão do fígado e achado bioquímico e hematológico. Amostras de sangue obtidas por punção venosa da jugular ou da cefálica do antebraço foram encaminhadas para realização de hemograma e dosagem sérica de ALT, FA, proteínas totais, albumina, globulina, uréia e creatinina. The present study evaluated the liver with homogeneous parenchyma in dogs, with diffuse reduced echogenicity (G1), increased echogenicity (G2) and normal echogenicity (G3) by ultrasound examination associating the findings on animal profile, liver size and hematology and biochemistry results. Blood samples obtained by cephalic or jugular venipunture were submitted for hemogram and ALT, ALP, total proteins, albumin, globulin, urea and creatinine analysis. Among the 30 dogs in G1, 30 (100%) presented portal venous and gall bladder wall clarity, 23 (76.67%) presented normal liver size and edges, 15 (50%) were from 1 to 6 years old and 8 (26.67%) belonged to the lhasa apso breed. No predispositions were found according to gender, as well as no significant alterations in biochemical and hematological exams were observed in G1. The most prevalent disease found in this group was gastroenteritis (43.33%). Among the 30 dogs in G2, 27 (90%) presented hepatomegaly and rounded hepatic edges, 18 (60%) were over 9 years old, 16 (53.33%) were female and 9 (30%) belonged to the poodle breed. The laboratorial findings related to this group were increased ALT and ALP serum activity, decreased levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, erythrocytes and hematocrit, as well as leukocytosis with neutrophilia and a left shift, eosinopenia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. The most prevalent diseases found in this group were metabolic disorders (54%), such as diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism, and chronic hepatopathies (17%) due to prolonged and continuous use of corticoid and anticonvulsive drugs. Among the 30 dogs in the control group (G3), normal liver size and edges were presented in 22 (73.33%). In this group, no alterations were seen in laboratorial exams.

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The Liver and Pancreas

Stonehewer¹

2004

Feline Medicine and Therapeutics

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Ultrasonography of Diffuse Liver Disease A Review

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of attenuation and liver‐kidney contrast of liver ultrasonographs with histology and biochemistry in dogs with experimentally induced steroid hepatopathy

Comparison of attenuation and liver‐kidney contrast of liver ultrasonographs with histology and biochemistry in dogs with experimentally induced steroid hepatopathy

Variação da ecogenicidade difusa em parênquima hepático homogêneo relacionada aos achados bioquímicos e hematológicos em cães

The Liver and Pancreas

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