Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of renal obstruction.

Webb, Judith A. W.

doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6758.944

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Ultrasound was shown to be quite effective in diagnosis with a reported sensitivity of 98% 1 ; however, the specificity is very low especially in depicting ureter. 2 MRU can be used to evaluate urinary tract without ionising radiation and iodinated contrast material. 3,12 In the past, most authors used RARE (Rapid Acquisition Relaxation Enhancement), first described by Hennig et al in 1986.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Urography- A Prospective Study

S¹,

M²,

Jayalatha³

2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDThe key element, iodine set the stage for all future developments in contrast material for radiographic imaging. From this stage, extensive development of the quality of contrast medium has grown immensely to the present stage of non-ionic contrast media which are considered to be safe. The aims of this study are-1. To study the efficacy of static MR urography in comparison with conventional urography. 2. To study the levels and causes of obstruction of urinary tract by MR urography and compare them with other investigation procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS120 patients who presented with clinical symptoms and signs pertaining to renal diseases and were positive on conventional MRI from Department of Radiodiagnosis, Osmania Medical College/ Hospital, Hyderabad, were selected for this study. This is an Institution-based cross-sectional study. MRU was performed on SIGNA HD 1.5 Tesla MRI, GE Healthcare (Milwaukee, USA). A body coil and commercially available software were used. SIGNA HD 1.5T is a diagnostic imaging device, which generates and displays transverse, sagittal, coronal and paraxial whole body images. Before performing MR urography, 3-plane localiser obtained in three planes was used to confirm optimum patient positioning; axial and coronal T2 weighted single shot FSE sequences of KUB region were taken, (TR 1615 msec, TE 88 msec, FOV 38 x 38, Matrix 256 x 256, NEX 0.56, TA 49 sec). The imaging method was based on the physical principle of magnetic resonance (MR). During the measurement, the patient was placed on the strong homogeneous magnetic field. The hydrogen nuclei (protons) distributed throughout the entire body tissue generate signals when stimulated by an RF field. These signals were processed into images by a computer. RESULTSIn our study, 3D respiratory triggered sequences 3D FR FSE (Fast Recovery Fast Spin Echo) sequence was used. It provides high signal intensity of fluid even with short repetition time. After signal decay at end of echo train, a negative 90 degree pulse align spins with long T2 from transverse plane to longitudinal plane leading to a much faster recovery of tissues with long T2 time to equilibrium and thus better contrast between tissues with long and short T2. A frequency-selective fat-saturation pulse was used to reduce signal from retroperitoneal fat. During a period of 3 years, a total of 120 patients formed the study group. This included 52 females (43%) and 68 males (57%). Most patients in this study group belonged to the 3 rd decade. Commonest complaint in this study was pain followed by dysuria. MR Urography images were of relatively good quality. Distension of urinary bladder aided in better visualisation of upper urinary tract. We had considerable difficulty in removal of overlying bowel from images of few patients. Renal sizes could be easily measured, renal contours were normal, no masses and other parenchymal abnormalities were seen. Calyceal, forniceal and infundibular anatomy was not seen with the same detail as with an IVU. Anatomy of retrop...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 However, above mentioned non-ionic contrast media cannot be administered in patients with poor renal function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Urography- A Prospective Study

S¹,

M²,

Jayalatha³

2017

jemds

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“…El tamaño tumoral, el compromiso parametrial, vaginal y la extensión a la mucosa de la vejiga y/o recto se determinaron a través del examen físico de acuerdo con el sistema de clasificación de la Federación Internacional de Ginecología y Obstetricia (FIGO) 2009 (18) . La presencia de hidronefrosis se diagnosticó mediante ecografía o tomografía (19) . Se definió compromiso nodal cualquier aumento mayor a 1 cm de los ganglios pélvicos (grupos iliacos y obturadores) o paraaórticos.…”

Section: Variablesunclassified

Características clínico-patológicas y sobrevida en mujeres jóvenes con cáncer cervical: análisis retrospectivo del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas

Ruiz

Serrano

Ruíz

et al. 2017

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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Objetivos. Determinar las características clínicas, histológicas y los factores pronósticos del cáncer cervical (CC) en pacientes jóvenes peruanas. Materiales y métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes de 35 años de edad o menos diagnosticadas con CC entre el 2008 y el 2012 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. Resultados. 449 pacientes tenían neoplasias epiteliales. Los tipos histológicos principales fueron: carcinoma de células escamosas (84,9%), adenocarcinoma (11,0%) y carcinoma adenoescamoso (2,4%). El tamaño tumoral promedio fue 4,98 cm. También se identificó anemia (55,7%), creatinina elevada (21,2%) e hidronefrosis (13,8%). El 82,3% de los pacientes presentaron enfermedad localmente avanzada. Los estadios IIB (47,4%) y IIIB (25,8%) fueron los más comunes. La supervivencia global a 5 años fue de 59,5% (I, 90,9%; II, 57,5%; III, 42,7% y IV, 13,3%). La creatinina elevada, la anemia, el tamaño tumoral, el compromiso parametrial y la hidronefrosis fueron factores que afectaron la supervivencia. No se encontró relación significativa entre el tipo histológico y la supervivencia. La presencia de anemia (Hazard Ratio ajustado [HRa]: 2,5; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%]: 1,6-4,0) y la hidronefrosis (HRa: 1,6; IC 95%: 1,0-4,0) estuvieron independientemente asociados con la supervivencia; asimismo, el compromiso parametrial con (HRa: 3,3; IC 95%: 1,5-7,2) o sin (HRa: 2,6; IC 95%: 1,3-5,3) extensión al hueso pélvico. Conclusiones. El cáncer cervical en jóvenes peruanas es diagnosticado en estadios avanzados. La supervivencia global en cada estadio es similar a la reportada en pacientes mayores. Se confirmó la importancia de los factores convencionales relacionados con el pronóstico. La anemia fue un factor de pronóstico independiente importante que requiere mayores investigaciones.Palabras clave: Neoplasias del cuello uterino; Neoplasias; Perú; Supervivencia; Pronóstico; Adulto joven (fuente: DeCS BIREME). CLINICAL-PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SURVIVAL IN YOUNG WOMEN WITH CERVICAL CANCER: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS FROM THE INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ENFERMEDADES NEOPLÁSICAS ABSTRACTObjective. To determine the clinical and histological characteristics and prognostic factors of cervical cancer (CC) in young Peruvian patients. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of patients younger than 35 years old diagnosed with CC between 2008 and 2012 in the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. Results. 449 patients had epithelial neoplasms. The main histological types were: squamous cell carcinoma (84.9%), adenocarcinoma (11.0%) and adenosquamous carcinoma (2.4%). The average tumor size was 4.98 cm. Anemia (55.7%), elevated creatinine (21.2%) and hydronephrosis (13.8%) were also identified. 82.3% of the patients presented locally advanced disease. Stages IIB (47.4%) and IIIB (25.8%) were the most common. Overall 5-year survival was 59.5% (I, 90.9%; II, 57.5%; III, 42.7% and IV, 13.3%). Elevated creatinine, anemia, tumor size, parametrial involvement and hydronephrosis were factors that affecte...

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“…R Boyd, A J Gray Abstract Objective- (1) To determine the accuracy ofaccident and emergency (A&E) doctors' diagnosis of radio-opaque ureteric calculi on plain abdominal radiographs; (2) to study the predictive value of haematuria with a history suggestive of ureteric colic. Design-A prospective study of all patients seen in a three month period with a provisional diagnosis of ureteric colic.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of the plain radiograph and urinalysis in acute ureteric colic.

Boyd

Gray²

1996

Emergency Medicine Journal

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Objective-(1) To determine the accuracy ofaccident and emergency (A&E) doctors' diagnosis of radio-opaque ureteric calculi on plain abdominal radiographs; (2) to study the predictive value of haematuria with a history suggestive of ureteric colic. Design-A prospective study of all patients seen in a three month period with a provisional diagnosis of ureteric colic. Intravenous urography (IVU) was used as the gold standard for diagnosis of ureteric calculi. Setting-The accident and emergency department and medical unit of a large teaching hospital. Subjects-60 patients who were admitted with an initial diagnosis of ureteric colic, 51 subsequently undergoing intravenous urography. Results-A&E doctors achieved a calculated sensitivity of 29% (95% confidence intervals 13% to 49%) and a specificity of 73% (52% to 90%) for identification of renal calculi on plain abdominal radiograph, compared with figures of 68% (48% to 84%) and 96% (78% to 100%) respectively for consultant radiologists. The difference between these results was highly significant (P = 0.0011). No patient with a definitive diagnosis of ureteric colic had a negative result for haematuria on urinary dipstick analysis. Conclusions-A&E doctors are poor at identifying radio-opaque ureteric calculi on plain abdominal radiographs. If haematuria is absent on urinalysis then ureteric colic is an unlikely diagnosis. (7Accid Emerg Med 1996;13:390-391)

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Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of renal obstruction.

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Urography- A Prospective Study

Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Urography- A Prospective Study

Características clínico-patológicas y sobrevida en mujeres jóvenes con cáncer cervical: análisis retrospectivo del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas

Role of the plain radiograph and urinalysis in acute ureteric colic.

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