Ultrasonographic features and prevalence of presumed gastric wall edema in dogs with hypoalbuminemia

Murakami, Masahiro; Heng, Hock Gan; Lim, Chee Kin; Parnell, Nolie K.; Sola, Mario

doi:10.1111/jvim.15829

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Reported causes of the gastric wall edema in dogs include inflammatory diseases such as gastritis with or without ulceration, 24,25 uremic gastropathy, 26 inflammation adjacent to the stomach such as pancreatitis, 19 gastric outflow obstruction with gastric dilatation and volvulus 27,28 or pylorogastric or duodenogastric intussusception, 20,29 gastric neoplasia, 30,31 portal hypertension, 11 and hypoalbuminemia 18 . In the present study, gastric wall edema was present in similar reported diseases: however, more commonly seen in dogs with hypoalbuminemia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Concentric gastric wall thickening was present involving the body and the pylorus of the stomach. This was similar to the ultrasonographic findings of generalized gastric wall edema seen in dogs with hypoalbuminemia 18 . There is a limitation of gastric wall evaluation in ultrasound due to artifacts caused by intraluminal gas and materials leading to an incomplete evaluation of the dorsal gastric wall.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…However, all cases seen in the present study were not diagnosed as fat deposition as the measured HU did not correspond to fat (negative value). Few veterinary articles reported ultrasonographic features of gastric wall edema, and the distinct features were thickening of the submucosal layer alone or thickening of submucosal and muscularis layers 18–20 . The thick middle layer seen in the present study is most likely the submucosal layer since the thickening of the submucosal layer was histologically observed in dogs in Group I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Few veterinary articles reported ultrasonographic features of gastric wall edema, and the distinct features were thickening of the submucosal layer alone or thickening of submucosal and muscularis layers. 18 , 19 , 20 The thick middle layer seen in the present study is most likely the submucosal layer since the thickening of the submucosal layer was histologically observed in dogs in Group I. However, involvement of the muscularis layer is also possible, as it is impossible to differentiate each individual layer of the gastric wall on CT, except the strong contrast‐enhanced mucosal layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…This was similar to the ultrasonographic findings of generalized gastric wall edema seen in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. 18 There is a limitation of gastric wall evaluation in ultrasound due to artifacts caused by intraluminal gas and materials leading to an incomplete evaluation of the dorsal gastric wall. The CT enabled us to evaluate the entire gastric wall without artifact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CT features of confirmed and presumed gastric wall edema in dogs

Murakami

Heng

Sola

2022

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Postcontrast computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of gastrointestinal (GI) wall edema in humans have been described as GI wall thickening with a thickened submucosal layer and thin enhanced inner and outer layers. Published studies describing CT features of gastric wall edema in dogs are currently lacking. The aim of this retrospective, case series was to describe CT features of gastric wall edema in a group of dogs. Medical records were searched for dogs with postcontrast abdominal CT scans and a diagnosis of gastric wall edema based on histopathology (group I) or CT characteristics consistent with those reported in humans (group II). Clinical diagnosis, mean serum albumin concentration, and histopathological diagnosis were recorded. The following CT characteristics were recorded: numbers of wall layers, attenuation and contrast enhancement, presence of blood vessels, locations, distribution, and thickness. Twelve dogs (3 in group I and 9 in group II) were included. The most common clinical finding was hypoalbuminemia. In group I, a well‐defined three‐layer appearance with a non‐enhancing fluid‐attenuating middle layer was observed in three dogs and thin blood vessels in the middle layer in two dogs. In group II, nine dogs had a three‐layer appearance with a non‐enhancing fluid‐attenuating middle layer. Locations of gastric wall thickening were diffuse in two, focal concentric in six, and focal asymmetric in four dogs. Findings supported including gastric wall edema as a differential diagnosis for dogs with hypoalbuminemia and CT characteristics of a three‐layer appearance in the gastric wall, with a non‐enhancing fluid‐attenuating middle layer and thin blood vessels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CT features of confirmed and presumed gastric wall edema in dogs

Murakami

Heng

Sola

2022

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Ultrasonographic features of gallbladder wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia

Murakami

Heng

Steinbach

et al. 2023

Veterinary Quarterly

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Hypoalbuminemia has been considered as a cause of gallbladder wall thickening in humans and dogs. Recent study revealed that gallbladder wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia may not be associated with serum albumin/plasma levels within 48 h of ultrasound study. However, gallbladder wall edema may change within 48 h, and the ultrasonographic features of gallbladder wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between serum albumin levels within 24 h of ultrasound and gallbladder wall thickening, and to describe the ultrasonographic features of thickened gallbladder walls in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. 37 hypoalbuminemic dogs with gallbladder ultrasound images were retrospectively included. Ultrasound studies were reviewed, and gallbladder wall thickness, layering appearance, echogenicity, echotexture, distribution, evidence of gallbladder mucocele, and presence of peritoneal effusion were recorded. Additionally, serum albumin levels within 24 h of ultrasound study and the administerd sedation were recorded. The prevalence of gallbladder wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia was 13.5%. The 3-layer appearance of the gallbladder wall was observed in 4 dogs, and a single-layer gallbladder wall thickening in one dog. Diffuse thickening was observed in all 5 dogs. The serum albumin level of dogs with gallbladder wall thickening was not different ( p = 0.14) from dogs without thickening. Gallbladder wall thickening was not common, occurring only with mild hypoalbuminemia, and was commonly associated with a 3-layer appearance and considered as gallbladder wall subserosal edema. Causes other than hypoalbuminemia may be responsible for thickening of the gallbladder wall in dogs with hypoalbuminemia.

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Accuracy and reliability of tele‐ultrasonography in detecting gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs and cats

Sombrio

Maï

Buch

et al. 2023

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To assess the accuracy and interobserver agreement of tele‐ultrasonography for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal obstruction in small animals by radiologists with different levels of experience. Materials and Methods A retrospective cross‐sectional study including dogs and cats admitted with gastrointestinal signs, between 2017 and 2019, that had abdominal ultrasonographic (US) examination performed and images saved for review. Patients were classified into two categories based on final diagnosis: animals with or without complete or partial gastrointestinal obstruction. Observers with four experience levels interpreted the archived ultrasound examinations, simulating a tele‐ultrasonography consultation. Analyses of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were obtained for each observer for detection of gastrointestinal obstruction. Agreement between observers for the gastrointestinal obstruction diagnosis was assessed using Fleiss's Kappa statistics. Results Ninety patients with gastrointestinal signs were included. Of these, 23 of 90 had partial or complete gastrointestinal obstruction. Interpretation of the images by observers via tele‐ultrasonography showed intervals of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, respectively, of 78.9% to 87.8%, 73.9% to 100%, 77.6% to 89.6%, 55.9% to 70.8% and 90.9% to 100% for diagnosis of gastrointestinal obstruction. Agreement for the gastrointestinal obstruction diagnosis across all reviewers was moderate (Kappa 0.6). Clinical Significance Tele‐ultrasonography had good accuracy for detection of gastrointestinal obstruction, however had a rather low positive predictive value and only moderate interobserver agreement. Therefore, this technique should be used with caution in this clinical context, given the potential surgical decision at hand.

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Ultrasonographic features and prevalence of presumed gastric wall edema in dogs with hypoalbuminemia

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

CT features of confirmed and presumed gastric wall edema in dogs

CT features of confirmed and presumed gastric wall edema in dogs

Ultrasonographic features of gallbladder wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia

Accuracy and reliability of tele‐ultrasonography in detecting gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs and cats

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