Ultrasonic measurement of renal inclination; its importance in measurement of renal length

Farrant, P.; Meire, Hylton B.

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-51-608-628

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…For ethical reasons, intravenous urograms can not be performed on healthy children. Furthermore, decrease in kidney size due to organ inclination, which is more pronounced on the right side [4,5], may explain the distinct side differences reported in several radiological studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Kidney size in childhood sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume

et al. 1985

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Kidney size was determined in a sonographic study of 325 children without kidney pathology. Real-time ultrasound equipment adjusted for the pediatric age group, provided standardized renal biometry. Outer kidney diameters showed a linear correlation to somatic developmental parameters. Renal volume was established by the formula for an ellipsoid and showed good correlation to body weight. Growth charts for kidney length and volume in childhood are constructed and provide the basis for objective intra- and interindividual determination of renal size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Kidney size in childhood sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume

et al. 1985

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“…However, a number of previous studies reported relatively consistent radiographic kidney size in various breeds of dogs, which may indicate that variable degrees of magnification of kidney and L2 lengths may not lead to significant deviations from the standard normal ranges of radiographic kidney size [6, 9, 11, 13, 19, 20]. In addition, one human study reported that renal inclination did not lead to significant error in the radiographic measurement of kidney length in most cases [10]. Second, actual kidney size was not measured by necropsy, and more accurate methods to measure kidney size using CT and MRI were not used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reestablishment of radiographic kidney size in Miniature Schnauzer dogs

Sohn

Yun

Lee

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Kidney size may be altered in renal diseases, and the detection of kidney size alteration has diagnostic and prognostic values. We hypothesized that radiographic kidney size, the kidney length to the second lumbar vertebra (L2) length ratio, in normal Miniature Schnauzer dogs may be overestimated due to their shorter vertebral length. This study was conducted to evaluate radiographic and ultrasonographic kidney size and L2 length in clinically normal Miniature Schnauzers and other dog breeds to evaluate the effect of vertebral length on radiographic kidney size and to reestablish radiographic kidney size in normal Miniature Schnauzers. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasonograms from 49 Miniature Schnauzers and 54 other breeds without clinical evidence of renal disease and lumbar vertebral abnormality were retrospectively evaluated. Radiographic kidney size, in the Miniature Schnauzer (3.31 ± 0.26) was significantly larger than that in other breeds (2.94 ± 0.27). Relative L2 length, the L2 length to width ratio, in the Miniature Schnauzer (1.11 ± 0.06) was significantly shorter than that in other breeds (1.21 ± 0.09). However, ultrasonographic kidney sizes, kidney length to aorta diameter ratios, were within or very close to normal range both in the Miniature Schnauzer (6.75 ± 0.67) and other breeds (7.16 ± 1.01). Thus, Miniature Schnauzer dogs have breed-specific short vertebrae and consequently a larger radiographic kidney size, which was greater than standard reference in normal adult dogs. Care should be taken when evaluating radiographic kidney size in Miniature Schnauzers to prevent falsely diagnosed renomegaly.

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“…Renal investigations by sonography have been presented in several reports (Taylor & Hill, 1975;Littlewood, 1977;Cook, Rosenfield & Taylor, 1977, Weitzel, Troger & Straub, 1977Spigos, Capek & Jonasson, 1977;Farrant & Meire, 1978). Lyons, Fleming, Ameil, Murphy, Sweet & Donald (1972) have discussed the technical difficulties associated with this method in children and have de- signed a water-bath for more detailed studies of kidneys in newborn babies and infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another factor causing magnification of kidney size is of chemical nature (Wolpert, 1965;Arkless, 1969). Rotation of the kidney around its transverse axis causes lower values of kidney length from radiographic measurements (Griffiths, Cartwright & McLachlan, 1974;Farrant & Meire, 1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Size in Normal Children Measured by Sonography

Haugstvedt

Lundberg

1980

Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology

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Kidney length and depth were measured by sonography in 46 normal children fro 0 to 16 years of age. Sonography was used to obtain kidney measurements without the known magnification caused by factors of chemical and photographic nature seen by urography. The results of our study were used to control the age-adapted equipment for renography in children. There was a good correlation between kidney length and depth and variables like age, weight, height and body surface area. The best values were found in the correlations to body surface area. We could confirm the previous findings by other methods of kidney size measurements in children that there is no significant difference in kidney length between boys and girls. The left kidney is slightly longer than the right one and the kidney centre distance is slightly but significantly larger on the left side. No such difference was present in the distance skin to kidney surface.

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Ultrasonic measurement of renal inclination; its importance in measurement of renal length

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Kidney size in childhood sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume

Kidney size in childhood sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume

Reestablishment of radiographic kidney size in Miniature Schnauzer dogs

Kidney Size in Normal Children Measured by Sonography

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