Ultrasonic detection and sizing of plastic zones surrounding fatigue cracks

Ravi‐Chandar, K.; Schneider, E.

doi:10.1007/bf01606408

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In addition, the ultrasonic wave propagation is influenced by the change of the stress distribution surrounding the crack and the crack tip plastic zone. 13,14…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the ultrasonic wave propagation is influenced by the change of the stress distribution surrounding the crack and the crack tip plastic zone. 13,14 Figure 2 clearly shows the difference of the stress distribution surrounding the crack for an open and a closed crack. The pictures were taken from a numerical simulation model of a semi-elliptical crack with the crack length of 2a = 15 mm and the crack depth of c = 4:7 mm at the surface of a hollow steel axle under a rotating bending load condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel baseline-free approach for acousto-ultrasonic crack monitoring of rotating axles

Reitz

Fritzen

2020

Structural Health Monitoring

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Axles are widely used mechanical components in rotating machines. In many applications, axles are exposed to varying environmental and operational conditions, including for example, temperature, load and rotational speed. To apply acousto-ultrasonics–based structural health monitoring for axles, it is in some cases not economically feasible to collect data and to construct a baseline model for each combination of all possible environmental and operational conditions. In consideration of such a practical limit, a novel baseline-free method, called Dynamic Reference Method, is proposed in this article for the detection of transverse cracks in axles. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors are applied for exciting and sensing ultrasonic waves. In case a transverse crack is present in an axle, it is noticed that the crack will sequentially open and close within one revolution of the axle when it is mechanically loaded in the radial direction. Such an opening and closing phenomenon of the transverse crack will influence the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. During the short time of data acquisition, the environmental and operational conditions remain nearly constant and the changes in the propagation of the ultrasonic waves may indicate the appearance of a transverse crack on the axle, and a baseline model for the environmental and operational conditions is not needed. To validate the proposed baseline-free method, an axle is put on a rotating bending test rig to first initiate a fatigue crack on the surface of the axle and second to observe its growth. During the test, the ultrasonic waves are measured by piezoelectric wafer active sensor in situ and are analysed online using the proposed baseline-free method. According to the test results, not only can the crack be effectively detected, but also the progressive changes of the crack size can be differentiated. Such results demonstrate the potential of the proposed baseline-free method in condition-based maintenance and predictive maintenance for critical axle components.

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“…In addition, the ultrasonic wave propagation is influenced by the change of the stress distribution surrounding the crack and the crack tip plastic zone. 13,14…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel baseline-free approach for acousto-ultrasonic crack monitoring of rotating axles

Reitz

Fritzen

2020

Structural Health Monitoring

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show abstract

“…Multiple researchers have investigated and characterized changes in wave phase and/or group velocities related to applied mechanical 1 and thermal 2 loads, residual stresses, 3 and local plasticity around fatigue cracks. 4,5 These changes in wave behavior must be accounted for in the design of guided wave-based damage detection algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Applied Load on the Amplitude of PZT-Generated Lamb Waves in Aluminum Plates Measured via 3D Laser Doppler Vibrometry

Owens¹,

Swenson²,

Afb³

2012

53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference

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This paper presents the results of a preliminary study of the affects of load-induced changes in piezoelectric behavior on the amplitude of piezoceramic transducer-generated Lamb waves in aluminum plates. Piezoceramic transducers are commonly used to excite ultrasonic elastic waves in structural health monitoring research. A commonly used material is lead zirconate titanate, or PZT. Wave field data are measured with a 3D scanning laser Doppler vibrometer and processed using frequency-wavenumber domain filtering techniques. Quantitative results are presented in terms of changes in wave amplitude/energy between unloaded and statically loaded conditions for both symmetric and asymmetric wave modes across multiple frequencies. It is clearly shown that application of a static load results in changes in wave amplitude distribution that vary depending on the loading direction. Increases in amplitude of up to 8% in the tension direction and decreases of up to 15% in the compression direction were observed. Nomenclature2D two-dimensional 3D three-dimensional A 0 first anti-symmetric wave mode FEM finite element modeling FFT fast Fourier transform H(t) Hilbert transform k r radial wavenumber PZT lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr 1-x Ti x )O 3 S 0 first symmetric wave mode SHM structural health monitoring SLDV scanning laser Doppler vibrometer SNR signal-to-noise ratio Vpp volts peak-to-peak V z Z component of measured surface velocity

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Ultrasonic detection and sizing of plastic zones surrounding fatigue cracks

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

A novel baseline-free approach for acousto-ultrasonic crack monitoring of rotating axles

A novel baseline-free approach for acousto-ultrasonic crack monitoring of rotating axles

Effects of Applied Load on the Amplitude of PZT-Generated Lamb Waves in Aluminum Plates Measured via 3D Laser Doppler Vibrometry

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