Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Fe–BTC–PEG Metal–Organic Complex: An Effective and Safety Nanocarrier for Anticancer Drug Delivery

Abstract

The porous metal–organic complexes are emerging as novel carriers for effective and safe delivery of drugs for cancer treatment, minimizing the side effect of drug overuse during cancer treatment. This study fabricated the Fe–BTC–PEG metal–organic complex from Fe ions, trimesic acid, and poly(ethylene glycol) as precursors using an ultrasonic-assisted method. The morphology and crystallinity of the resultant complex were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to investigate the functional groups on the surface of the Fe–BTC–PEG complex. The result showed that the prepared Fe–BTC–PEG complex was in particle form with low crystallinity and diameter ranging from 100 to 200 nm. The obtained Fe–BTC–PEG complex exhibited a high loading capacity for the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug with a maximal capacity of 364 mg/g. The releasing behavior of 5-fluorouracil from the 5-FU-loaded Fe–BTC–PEG complex was studied. Notably, the acute oral toxicity of the Fe–BTC–PEG metal–organic complex was also carried out to evaluate the safety of the material in practical application.

Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges

“…PEG is an FDA-approved, hydrophilic, and flexible polymer that has been proven to be safe for use in biomedical applications [ 150 ]. PEG has been used to deliver chemotherapeutics [ 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 ], anti-inflammatory drugs [ 160 ], antibiotics [ 161 , 162 ], and bisphosphonates [ 163 ]. Additionally, vitamins [ 164 ], phenols [ 165 ], and hormones [ 166 ] have been delivered using PEG.…”

Formation of Iron (III) Trimesate Xerogel by Ultrasonic Irradiation

“…[26] We have recently found the preparation of a complex FeÀ BTC/PEG by ultrasonic-assisted method. [27] As our contribution, we explored the direct synthesis of FeÀ BTC from the precursors iron nitrate and trimesic acid in water under ultrasonic irradiation, employing two protocols, procedures (1) and ( 2), each performed using different ultrasonic setups and procedures.…”

“…As described, various MOF structures have been prepared by sonochemical technique over the last years, however, the ultrasonic method has been poorly explored for the Fe−BTC preparation [26] . We have recently found the preparation of a complex Fe−BTC/PEG by ultrasonic‐assisted method [27] …”

Fabrication of Porous Fe-Based Metal–Organic Complex for the Enhanced Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil in In Vitro Treatment of Cancer Cells

“…This high 5-FU loading of Fe-BDC-PEG is comparable with that of the Fe-BTC-PEG complex and reasonable for drug-delivery purpose. 36,47 One of the main properties of advanced materials that is effectively used for drug delivery is slow release on purpose. For the drug-release test, the loaded material was immersed in different pH solutions of phosphate-buffered saline PBS (pH 7.4, 6.8, and 5), and 5-FU concentration was determined by UV−vis spectrometry at a wavelength of λ max = 266 nm.…”

“…It was demonstrated that DOX@bioMOC-Zn­(Cys) in nanoscale size accelerated the anticancer drug uptake via the endo/lysosomal pathway. In our previous work, we successfully incorporated ferric ions, trimesic acid, and poly­(ethylene glycol) to produce a porous Fe-BTC-PEG MOC . The prepared MOC had a maximum loading capacity of 364 mg/g for the 5-FU drug.…”