Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Combination: A Green Strategy to Improve the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco

Abstract

The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) on the extraction of phenolic compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco, on the antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase (Tyr) inhibitory capacities. Ten different NADES were used in this research and compared with conventional solvents. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 60 min proved to be the best extraction condition, and proline:lactic acid (1:1) and choline chloride:urea (1:2) extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents (56.00 ± 0.77 mgGAE/gdw) and antioxidant activity [64.35 ± 1.74 mgTE/gdw and 72.13 ± 0.97 mgTE/gdw in 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, respectively]. These extracts also exhibited enzymes inhibitory capacity particularly against Tyr and AChE. Even so, organic acid-based NADES showed to be the best extractants producing extracts with considerable ability to inhibit enzymes. Twenty-four phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-HRMS, being rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid and salvianolic acid B the major compounds. The results confirmed that the combination of UAE and NADES provide an excellent alternative to organic solvents for sustainable and green extraction, and have huge potential for use in industrial applications involving the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants.

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES): Phytochemical Extraction Performance Enhancer for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Product Development

“…lulsitanica (Chaytor) Franco. [49]. The antioxidant extracts from Mangifera pajang Kosterm fruit wastes were much more soluble in choline chloride-ascorbic acid (2:1) NADES with 10% water content than in water.…”

“…Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of NADES extract can be conducted in the form of expensive kits or cell culture [10]. In a study by Mansinhos (2021), the antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS  ) radicals of NADES (choline chlorideurea) extract showed better results than extracts in conventional solvents (water, 80% ethanol and methanol). However, among the NADES variations tested in the study, this NADES extract (total phenolics = 11,968 g/g of extract) did not contain the highest total phenolic content.…”

Latest Insights on Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for Sustainable Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Natural Sources

“…Mansinhos et al [ 74 ] carried out phenolic compounds separation from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica with ten different DESs using UAE.…”

A Novel Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for the Analysis of Anthocyanins in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

“…Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has been demonstrated to be an efficient method for extracting bioactive compounds from different natural sources, which includes blackberry, lavender, raspberry, pepper, walnut, onion or even purple potato [ 28 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. This is due to its many advantages, such as shorter extraction times, less solvent consumption and lower production costs with higher yields, reaching even twice the extraction yield, in comparison to conventional extraction techniques [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”