Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Biosensing of Multiple Biomarkers on a Single Electrode by a Light Addressing Strategy

Abstract

Ultrasensitive multiplexed detection of biomarkers on a single electrode is usually a great challenge for electrochemical sensors. Here, a light addressable photoelectrochemical sensor (LAPECS) for the sensitive detection of multiple DNA biomarkers on a single electrode was reported. The sensor was constructed through four steps: (1) immobilization of capture DNA (C-DNA) of different targets on different areas of a single large-sized gold film electrode, (2) recognition of each target DNA (T-DNA) and the corresponding biotin-labeled probe DNA (P-DNA) through hybridization, (3) reaction of the biotin-labeled probe DNA with a streptavidin-labeled all-carbon PEC bioprobe, and (4) PEC detection of multiple DNA targets one by one via a light addressing strategy. Through this principle, the LAPECS can achieve ultrasensitive detection of three DNA sequences related to hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) viruses with a similar wide calibration range of 1.0 pM ∼ 0.01 μM and a low detection limit of 0.7 pM by using one kind of PEC bioprobe. Moreover, the detection throughput of LAPECS may be conveniently expanded by simply enlarging the size of the substrate electrode or reducing the size of the sensing arrays and the light beam. The present work thus demonstrates the promising applications of LAPECS in developing portable, sensitive, high-throughput, and cost-effective biosensing systems.

Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical determination of chromium(VI) in water samples by ion-imprinted/formate anion-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride nanostructured hybrid

“…Recently, photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors, a kind of sensing technique based on photoinduced electron transfer processes at electrode/interfaces, have received much interest [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. They have remarkable sensitivity, portability, and easy integration.…”

Exfoliation and Sensitization of 2D Carbon Nitride for Photoelectrochemical Biosensing under Red Light

“…[1] As an alternative to traditional PEC-active materials, 2D carbon nitride (CN, also often denoted g-C 3 N 4 ), in which Ca nd Na toms are covalently sp 2 hybridized with formationo fahighly delocalized p-conjugated system, [2][3][4] hase merged as ap romising metal-free transducer for PEC sensing. [5] However,l ike most other photoactive materials forP EC biosensing, [6][7][8][9] pristine CN only responds to UV and very limited visible light of wavelength shorter than 460 nm. [2] This limits its application in biosensing, because short-wavelength light readily generatesreactive oxygen-containing species, which cause DNA mutation, protein denaturation, and cell damage, [10][11][12][13][14] and also cannot pass through tissue, so that future in vivo applications are challenging.…”

Development of CdSe–ZnO Flower-Rod Core-Shell Structure Based Photoelectrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Norovirous RNA

“…Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor is a new biodetection technology with several advantages, such as high sensitivity, good specificity, high analysis speed, low price, and so on. Therefore, PEC biosensors has attracted great attention and widespread application in the field of biology and clinical detection [ 7 , 8 ].…”