Ultrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging of systemic reactive oxygen species in vivo for early diagnosis of sepsis using activatable nanoprobes

Abstract

Novel ROS-activated contrast agents are designed for magnetic resonance imaging of ROS for early diagnosis of sepsis.

Phenol-like group functionalized graphene quantum dots structurally mimicking natural antioxidants for highly efficient acute kidney injury treatment

“…3f-i, h-GQDs could effectively eliminate ABTS + c, cO 2 À and cOH under physiological conditions. 43 Considering their bio-related usages, h-GQDs were then noncovalently functionalized with PEG molecules (molecular weight: 1000) via the hydrophobic interaction between h-GQDs and terminal phospholipid groups of mPEG-DSPE, which were termed p-GQDs. 44 Ultrasmall nanomaterials functionalized with PEG with a suitable molecular weight can retain their efficient renal clearance properties and provide a relatively longer body retention.…”

The Design of Abnormal Microenvironment Responsive MRI Nanoprobe and Its Application

“…The nanoprobe can undergo ROS-triggered degradation and release Gd-DTPA in the presence of ROS, resulting in the recovery of quenched T 1 -weighted MRI signals with rapid response. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments show that ROS CAs can not only perform ROS imaging for early sepsis assessment, but also accurately track systemic ROS to assess the severity of sepsis [ 73 ].…”

Nanotools for Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment

“…Naked eye detection of pathogens and metabolic activity assessment of pathogens [29][30][31][32][35][36][37][38]72] Lens-free interferometric microscopy (LIM) Au nanohole substrates Enhancement of optical signals [ 39,40] Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) Silica NPs, QDs Fluorescent signal amplification [48][49][50][51][52] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Magnetic NPs, SPIONs Contrast agents [55][56][57][58][59]61,64,74] Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) Au-coated MNPs, Magnetic core-polymeric shell biomimetic NPs Sepsis biomarkers capturing [ 62,63] Mass spectrometry MS) MNPs, Liposomes Mass spectrum enrichment [ 65,70] Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SPIONs, AuNPs, MNPs DNA amplification [30][31][32][34][35][36][55][56][57]59,60] studied for NP-enabled sepsis diagnosis are based on PCR, colorimetric biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), lens-free interferometric microscopy (LIM), mass spectrometry (MS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ( Table 1,2 and Figure 1). Herein, we strictly focus on the "nano"diagnosis of sepsis and therefore of microbial infections induced by certain pathogens (e....…”

“…On the grounds of this, the clinically approved gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) with an hyaluronic acid (HA)decorated iron oxide core (SPIONs) was recently employed as a contrast agent to probe ROS by MRI in an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis mouse model. [64] The unlimited tissue pen-etration depth of SPION nanoprobes accompanied with the HAtriggered ROS degradation mechanism and the subsequent release of Gd-DTPA enabled ultrasensitive (0.2 × 10 −6 m) ROS imaging in vivo.…”