Ultrasensitive Bioaffinity Electrochemical Sensors: Advances and New Perspectives

Abstract

This article reviews recent advances and developments in the field of bioaffinity electrochemical sensors with emphasis on a subclass including immunosensors, aptasensors, genosensors and molecularly imprinted sensosr. Recent insights into novel fabrication methodologies and electrochemical techniques have resulted in the demonstration of biosensors able to detection of wide range of target analyte. It has been shown that due to their high specificity and sensitivity, they represent a great tool in practical applications. Furthermore, at last couple decades nanotechnology has become very popular in the sensor fields due to the high capacity of nanomaterials to immobilize of bioaffinity agents and also their inhibiting effects on denaturation of enzymes and other bioaffinity systems, which they could well have beneficial effects for the performance of these sensors. The main focus of this review is to discuss methods for immobilizing bioreceptors onto a solid support, introduction of nanomaterials for improve sensitivity of biosensor and various electrochemical sensing platforms. The use of biosensor in these applications is most appropriate, because the analysis of trace substances in medical and healthcare applications, environmental science, and food industries is so important. In addition, recent advances in nanomaterial‐mediated bioaffinity sensors used for onset biosensing, point‐of‐care testing and healthcare management are also highlighted.

A Comprehensive Review: Development of Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Cyanotoxins in Freshwater

“…Recently, this HRP-mimicking DNAzyme has been extensively used as a biocatalytic label to replace enzymes in electrochemical affinity biosensors. (162)…”

Electrochemical Immunosensors for Antibiotic Detection

“…In this paper we have followed the recent achievements in the field of electrochemical immunosensors developed for antibiotics. In recent years several review articles have been published partially focused on electrochemical sensing of antibiotics [6,9,21,34,35,36]. Piro B. et al described electrochemical immunosensors used in the detection of small organic molecules, including antibiotics [34].…”

“…Felix F.S and Angnes L. presented various analytical applications of electrochemical immunosensing [6]. Alizadeh N. et al discussed the advances and new perspectives of ultrasensitive bioaffinity electrochemical sensors, including those developed for antibiotics [35]. There are also reviews discussing the sensing of a particular class of antibiotics.…”

Affinity-Based Detection of Biomolecules Using Photo-Electrochemical Readout

“…The interaction between the analyte and the capture agent is translated into a readable signal by a transducer. To date, transduction methods relying on acoustic (Zhang et al, 2018d), optical (Špačková et al, 2016), gravimetric (DeMiguel-Ramos et al, 2017), electrochemical (Alizadeh and Salimi, 2018), electronic (Kirste et al, 2015), and photoelectrochemical mechanisms (Zhao et al, 2015b) have been reported for use in biosensing systems. Researchers often choose a transduction method that offers the right level of sensitivity, specificity, speed, and multiplexing for the desired application, and meets requirements with respect to instrumentation cost, size, and ease-of-use.…”