Ultrafiltration-based techniques for rapid and simultaneous concentration of multiple microbe classes from 100-L tap water samples

Evaluation of Human Enteric Viruses in Surface Water and Drinking Water Resources in Southern Ghana

“…The UF setup was conducted as previously reported with modifications. 27 High-performance, platinum-cured LS/36 and LS/24 silicon tubing (Masterflex; Cole-Parmer Instrument Co., Vernon Hills, IL) was used in each experiment and then reused after disinfection. Disinfection consisted of submersion in 50 ppm chlorine bleach (i.e., hypochlorous acid) solution Figure 1.…”

“…After sample concentration, the ultrafilter was eluted as described previously with modifications. 27 Briefly, a solution containing 0.1% Tween 80 (Sigma), 0.01% NaPP, and 0.001% Antifoam A (Sigma) was prepared with RO water and added to the concentrate at a solution-to-concentrate ratio of 1:9. During elution, both permeate ports were closed, and backpressure was removed by releasing the screw clamp.…”

Tangential-Flow Ultrafiltration with Integrated Inhibition Detection for Recovery of Surrogates and Human Pathogens from Large-Volume Source Water and Finished Drinking Water

“…All SW (n ϭ 5) and DW (n ϭ 6) samples were assayed for study microorganisms after seeding and in the UF concentrates, using culture assays described in the present study. To minimize microbial aggregation, all dilutions of microbial stocks were prepared in a diluent containing 0.01 M DPBS, pH 7.40 (Gibco), 0.01% (wt/vol) Tween 80 (Sigma), and 0.001% antifoam A (Sigma) (34).…”

Polioviruses and other Enteroviruses

“…tangential flow filtration (TFF) and hollow-fiber ultrafiltration, based on size exclusion or entrapment of viral particles to a filter matrix, has emerged as the most promising methods for virus concentration from large volumes of water (Gibson and Schwab, 2011;Hill et al, 2005;Olszewski et al, 2005;Polaczyk et al, 2008;Rhodes et al, 2011). Furthermore, these methods have been optimized for the simultaneous concentration of multiple microorganisms (e.g., enteric bacteria, protozoa, and viruses) from diverse water matrixes, including source and finished drinking water, tap water, surface water, and reclaimed water (Gibson and Schwab, 2011;Hill et al, 2007;Hill et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2012;Morales-Morales et al, 2003;Polaczyk et al, 2008). In addition, a new type of filtration media composed of highly electropositive nanoalumina (AlOOH) fibers (~2 nm in diameter by ~250 nm in length) and microglass is currently available for concentrating EVs and other enteric viruses from large volumes of water (Gibbons et al, 2010;Ikner et al, 2011;Karim et al, 2009;Li et al, 2010).…”