Ultrafast spin-transfer switching in spin valve nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy

Bedau, D.; Liu, H.; Bouzaglou, Jean-Jacques; Kent, Andrew D.; Sun, J. Z.; Katine, J. A.; Fullerton, Eric E.; Mangin, Stéphane

doi:10.1063/1.3284515

Cited by 98 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As the key ingredient of these devices is current-induced displacement of DWs from one artificially prepared pinning site to another, it is very important to characterize the depinning properties, especially its probability and the relationship between the critical current and pulse duration in the nanosecond range. Whereas a theoretical model to address such issues for CIMS has been established 11,12 and confirmed in several experiments 7,9,10 , there has only been a few theoretical studies on CIDWM 16,17 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are mainly two ways to utilize the STT: one is current-induced magnetization switching (CIMS) in magnetic nanopillars 2,[7][8][9][10][11][12] , and the other is current-induced domain wall motion (CIDWM) in magnetic nanowires 1,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . In particular, the latter is promising for applications in which a domain wall (DW) moves numerous times within several nanoseconds' duration 4 , or in which numerous DWs are shifted simultaneously 6 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Depinning probability of a magnetic domain wall in nanowires by spin-polarized currents

et al. 2013

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Current-induced magnetic domain wall motion is attractive for manipulating magnetization direction in spintronics devices, which open a new era of electronics. Up to now, in spite of a crucial significance to applications, investigation on a current-induced domain wall depinning probability, especially in sub-nano to a-few-nanosecond range has been lacking. Here we report on the probability of the depinning in perpendicularly magnetized Co/Ni nanowires in this timescale. A high depinning probability was obtained even for 2-ns pulses with a current density of less than 10 12 A m À 2 . A one-dimensional Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert calculation taking into account thermal fluctuations reproduces well the experimental results. We also calculate the depinning probability as functions of various parameters and found that parameters other than the coercive field do not affect the transition width of the probability. These findings will allow one to design high-speed and reliable magnetic devices based on the domain wall motion.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Depinning probability of a magnetic domain wall in nanowires by spin-polarized currents

et al. 2013

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“…Co-Ni multilayered films show high PMA, significant spin polarization, and low Gilbert damping compared to other PMA systems (Co/Pt, Co/Pd, FePt) [20][21][22][23][24]. Furthermore, the all-metal system allows us to generate current densities higher than those possible in magnetic tunnel junctions [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switching field distributions with spin transfer torques in perpendicularly magnetized spin-valve nanopillars

et al. 2014

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We present switching field distributions of spin-transfer-assisted magnetization reversal in perpendicularly magnetized Co/Ni multilayer spin-valve nanopillars at room temperature. Switching field measurements of the Co/Ni free layer of spin-valve nanopillars with a 50 nm × 300 nm ellipse cross section were conducted as a function of current. The validity of a model that assumes a spin-current-dependent effective barrier for thermally activated reversal is tested by measuring switching field distributions under applied direct currents. We show that the switching field distributions deviate significantly from the double exponential shape predicted by the effective barrier model, beginning at applied currents as low as half of the zero field critical current. Barrier heights extracted from switching field distributions for currents below this threshold are a monotonic function of the current. However, the thermally induced switching model breaks down for currents exceeding the critical threshold.

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“…It is now well known that spin-polarized currents and spin-transfer torques (STTs) can reverse the direction of the magnetization on subnanosecond timescales 1,9 . In fact, many experimental methods have been developed to study spin-transfer switching in both spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs).…”

Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(For the full layer stack see 9,10 .) Such PMA samples have a simple uniaxial anisotropy energy landscape that permits a direct comparison to theoretical models.…”

Section: A→bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved magnetic relaxation of a nanomagnet on subnanosecond time scales

Liu

Bedau

Sun³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. B

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We present a two-current-pulse temporal correlation experiment to study the intrinsic subnanosecond nonequilibrium magnetic dynamics of a nanomagnet during and following a pulse excitation. This method is applied to a model spin-transfer system, a spin valve nanopillar with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Two-pulses separated by a short delay (< 500 ps) are shown to lead to the same switching probability as a single pulse with a duration that depends on the delay. This demonstrates a remarkable symmetry between magnetic excitation and relaxation and provides a direct measurement of the magnetic relaxation time. The results are consistent with a simple finite temperature Fokker-Planck macrospin model of the dynamics, suggesting more coherent magnetization dynamics in this short time nonequilibrium limit than near equilibrium.

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Ultrafast spin-transfer switching in spin valve nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy

Cited by 98 publications

References 17 publications

Depinning probability of a magnetic domain wall in nanowires by spin-polarized currents

Depinning probability of a magnetic domain wall in nanowires by spin-polarized currents

Switching field distributions with spin transfer torques in perpendicularly magnetized spin-valve nanopillars

Time-resolved magnetic relaxation of a nanomagnet on subnanosecond time scales

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