Ultrafast soliton mode-locked fiber laser at 1560  nm based on Znq₂ as a saturable absorber

Abstract

A mode-locked fiber laser was developed by using bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) zinc ( Z n q 2 ) as a saturable absorber (SA). Z n q 2 is an organic metal chelate with several advantages such as good saturable absorption, relatively high damage threshold, and an easy, low-cost, and simple fabrication process. The developed SA based on Z n q 2 has a linear absorption (at 1560 nm), modulation depth, and saturation intensity of 1.2 dB, 16.6 %, and 95 M W / c m 2 , respectively. The laser cavity produced a very stable soliton mode-locking operation at 1560.6 nm with pulse duration, repetition rate, and SNR of 1.46 ps, 3.5 MHz, and 60.6 dB, respectively. This work is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to report Z n q 2 as a mode locker.

Soliton Pulse Generation with MoS2 Saturable Absorber

“…2(a), the measured spectrum of the output soliton reveals pairs of Kelly sidebands symmetrically positioned around the central wavelength (1560.4 nm). These soliton pulses are a result of the intricate interplay between dispersion and nonlinear effects within the ring laser cavity [10,11]. In the absence of the saturable absorber (SA), the laser operates in a continuous wave regime with a wavelength centered at 1561.4 nm.…”

Antimonene-based saturable absorber for a soliton mode-locked and Q-switched fiber laser in the 2 μm wavelength region

“…For instance, an ytterbium-doped fiber laser can operate at a wavelength of 1 µm, and 1.5 µm lasing can be achieved by using an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). [8][9][10] The 1.5 µm laser domain is typically limited to backbone telecommunication network applications only. On the other hand, lasing in a 2 µm wavelength regime can be achieved by a thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) or a thulium-holmium-doped fiber laser (THDFL).…”

“…[40][41][42][43][44][45] A few other material categories have also been explored to produce Q-switched and mode-locked lasers, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, metals, transparent conductive oxides and organic materials. [8,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Furthermore, ternary transition metal dichalcogenides (TTMDs) have also recently gained the interest of researchers for ultrafast photonics. TTMDs involve three-elemental compositions to achieve the optimum electrical and optical response of materials for various applications.…”

Generation of mode-locked thulium doped fluoride fiber laser using graphene-zinc oxide (G-ZnO) coated dual arc-shaped fiber

“…The short pulse generation is extensively reported at C-band [22][23][24][25], but the reports on S-band modelocked lasers are very limited [26]. Mode-locked pulses are a specific type of laser output where a train of ultrashort pulses is generated at a very high repetition rate.…”