Ultrafast ion sieving using nanoporous polymeric membranes

Wang, Pengfei; Wang, Mao; Liu, Feng; Ding, Siyuan; Wang, Xue; Du, Guohao; Liu, Jie; Apel, P. Yu.; Kluth, Patrick; Trautmann, C.; Wang, Yugang

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02941-6

Cited by 209 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The Xu group has successfully developed a series of nanofiltration membranes via controllable interfacial polymerization used in various separation processes . Very recently, ultrafast ion sieving membranes were fabricated by Wang and co‐workers . These nanoporous polymeric membranes show high transport rate of K + ions of up to 14 mol h −1 m −2 and a selectivity of alkali metal ions over heavy metal ions is more than 500.…”

Section: Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task‐Specific Applications

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

337

245

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have triggered serious threats to the survival and development of mankind. Consequently, exploring novel materials with task-specific applications is of fundamental importance for the sustainable development of economy and society. The burgeoning progress of nanomaterials in recent years has demonstrated that porosity is one of the essential factors in determining material properties for possible breakthroughs in their applications. Therefore, porous materials are playing important roles in many well-established applications and emerging technologies for challenging social and economic issues due to their intrinsic characteristics of large surface areas, open channels, and the possible control over the pore environment. According to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the pores of porous materials are classified into three categories by their pore sizes: micropores are smaller than 2 nm, mesopores are in the range of 2-50 nm, and macropores are larger than 50 nm. [1] Their pore walls include the organic skeleton (e.g., porous polymers, organic porous cages, and supramolecular organic frameworks), the inorganic skeleton (e.g., zeolites, porous carbons, and mesoporous silica), and the hybrid skeleton (e.g., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)).Among the developed porous materials, porous polymers have attracted an increasing level of research interest owing to their potential to integrate the advantages of both porous materials and polymers. [2,3] Table 1 lists the characteristic structural features and properties of porous polymers, and gives a systematic comparison to other typical porous materials, such as zeolites, porous carbons, and MOFs. Porous polymers, zeolites, porous carbons, and MOFs share a number of features such as high permanent porosities, large surface areas, and designable pores and voids. However, they are different in several important aspects. The major advantages of porous polymers over many other porous materials are their chemical diversity and easy processability. Compared to zeolites and porous carbons, the synthesis of porous polymers is generally more versatile and can be approached in a way that conforms to the concept of rational materials design. Similar to MOFs, porous polymers inherit the excellent chemical and physical tunability afforded by the versatility of organic chemistry. Furthermore, Exploring advanced porous materials is of critical importance in the development of science and technology. Porous polymers, being famous for their all-organic components, tailored pore structures, and adjustable chemical components, have attracted an increasing level of research interest in a large number of applications, including gas adsorption/storage, separation, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy, optoelectronics, and health. Recent years have witnessed tremendous research breakthroughs in these fields thanks to the unique pore structures and versatile skeletons of porous polymers. Here, recent milestones in the diverse applications of porous polymers are presented, ...

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Section: Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task‐Specific Applications

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

337

245

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“…Duan et al utilized ion‐track templates and electrochemical deposition to fabricate Cu nanocones and nanowire arrays . Wang and co‐workers fabricated nanoporous polymeric membranes using heavy ion irradiation and UV radiation . The typical fabrication process, MD simulations, and transport measurements are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Ion Beam Techniques For Materials Synthesis and Morphology Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ion Beam Techniques For Materials Synthesis and Morphology Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Applications of Ion Beam Techniques on Nanomaterial Surface Modification: Design of Nanostructures and Energy Harvesting

Zhan

Song

et al. 2019

Small

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properties because of their special struc ture. When the materials reach a nano meter size, the electrical, optical, magnetic, and other properties of the materials will be altered greatly because of the small size effect, quantum size effect, sur face and boundary effects, and Coulomb blockade effect. [1] Currently, nanomaterials have been widely applied in many fields, including computers, catalysis, sensors, energy, and environmental protection. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] As the demand increases, people aspire to fabricate nanomaterials with greater prop erties. Many methods have been used to improve the properties of nanomaterials, including doping, surface reconstruc tion, semiconductor composite, and metal nanoparticle embedding. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] These days, ion beam techniques, including ion implantation, irradiation, and focused ion beam (FIB), have been extensively used to modulate the properties of nanomaterials. Moreover, ion beam techniques are regarded as a promising technique for doping and surface modification. Compared with doping during growth and diffusion, ion implantation is more controllable and reproducible. In addition, ion implantation is also an effective method for embedding nanoclusters in body materials. Moreover, ion irradiation is an effective method to modulate the morphology and surface structure of the mate rials. Therefore, via using this technique, various properties of nanomaterials can be tailored. FIB is typically used for the in situ study of ionirradiated materials. Figure 1 shows the applications of ion beam techniques for nanomaterial surface modification.Ion implantation, as an ion beam technique, has been extensively applied to the modulation of nanomaterial sur faces. Moreover, the technique has also been extensively used in the field of microelectronics. Ion implantation has replaced diffusion as a doping method to introduce dopants into the semiconductors. As an industrial technique, it exhibits high controllability and accuracy. In contrast to other doping strat egies, almost all elements can be introduced into the target materials by ion implantation and it does not introduce other impurity elements. In addition, ion implantation is not restricted by the solid solubility of elements in the mate rials. Ion implantation can be described as a collision process Nanomaterials have gained plenty of research interest because of their excellent performance, which is derived from their small size and special structure. In practical applications, to acquire nanomaterials with high performance, many methods have been used to modulate the structure and components of materials. To date, ion beam techniques have extensively been applied for modulating the performance of various nanomaterials. Energetic ion beams can modulate the surface morphology and chemical components of nanomaterials. In addition, ion beam techniques have also been used to fabricate nanomaterials, including 2D materials, nanoparticles, and nanowires. Compared with conventional metho...

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“…Alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions can be separated when ions are passing through precisely manufactured nanoporous membranes whose pore size is comparable to, or smaller than, the hydration radii of metal ions. Ion selectivity sequence generally follows the order of Li + < Na + < K + < Rb + in conventional membranes depending on the radius of hydrated metal ion . In contrast, high performance membranes have been developed with opposite selectivity sequence of Li + > Na + > K + > Rb + through dehydration of hydrated metal ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile Amorphous Structures of Phosphonate Metal−Organic Framework/Alginate Composite for Tunable Sieving of Ions

Park

Lee

2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Versatile amorphous structures of phosphonate metal-organic framework (pMOF)/alginate composite are proposed to selectively separate alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions. Initially, the gelation of alginate by Al 3+ ions provides preconfined Al 3+ coordination. The phosphonate organic ligand is subsequently coordinated with Al 3+ ions to make pMOF based on the preconfined Al 3+ coordination. Al 3+ −phosphonate organic ligand complexes of pMOF are simultaneously intertwined with Al 3+ −alginate crosslinks with the aid of partial hydrolysis. Amorphous structures of Al 3+ -based pMOF/ alginate composite are largely modulated, as the reaction temperature and intertwinement degree of alginate networks vary. In addition, partial hydrolysis plays an important role for amorphization, which gives rise to versatile amorphous structures. The Al 3+ -based pMOF/alginate composite is found to have tunable sieving of alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions with varying the degrees of intertwinement of amorphous structures and Al 3+ −phosphonate organic ligand complexes. In particular, a certain type of amorphous structure can effectively reject Li + ions with small hydration energy through dehydration. Benefiting from amorphous structures, this work will provide a variety of separation opportunities accompanying unique properties and allow efficient separation of ions and similar-sized molecules.

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Ultrafast ion sieving using nanoporous polymeric membranes

Cited by 209 publications

References 54 publications

Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task‐Specific Applications

Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task‐Specific Applications

A Review of Recent Applications of Ion Beam Techniques on Nanomaterial Surface Modification: Design of Nanostructures and Energy Harvesting

Versatile Amorphous Structures of Phosphonate Metal−Organic Framework/Alginate Composite for Tunable Sieving of Ions

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