Ultracompact and low-power-consumption silicon thermo-optic switch for high-speed data

Zhang, Ruihuan; He, Yu; Zhang, Yong; An, Shaohua; Zhu, Qingming; Li, Xingfeng; Su, Yikai

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0496

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recently, graphene has also been integrated with inorganic photonic structures with higher thermal conductivities to fabricate TO switches operated in the telewavelength window with much faster response [ 48 , 53 ]. To further reduce the power consumption without slowing down the response time, graphene heaters could be integrated with resonators [ 54 ] or photonic crystal structures [ 55 , 56 ]. Silicon microring TO switches with graphene heaters covering the microring part achieved superior performance with a switching time of 3.6 μs and a P π of 9 mW, respectively [ 57 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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The mid-infrared (MIR, 2–20 μm) waveband is of great interest for integrated photonics in many applications such as on-chip spectroscopic chemical sensing, and optical communication. Thermo-optic switches are essential to large-scale integrated photonic circuits at MIR wavebands. However, current technologies require a thick cladding layer, high driving voltages or may introduce high losses in MIR wavelengths, limiting the performance. This paper has demonstrated thermo-optic (TO) switches operating at 2 μm by integrating graphene onto silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures. The remarkable thermal and optical properties of graphene make it an excellent heater material platform. The lower loss of graphene at MIR wavelength can reduce the required cladding thickness for the thermo-optics phase shifter from micrometers to tens of nanometers, resulting in a lower driving voltage and power consumption. The modulation efficiency of the microring resonator (MRR) switch was 0.11 nm/mW. The power consumption for 8-dB extinction ratio was 5.18 mW (0.8 V modulation voltage), and the rise/fall time was 3.72/3.96 μs. Furthermore, we demonstrated a 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) TO switch with a high extinction ratio of more than 27 dB and a switching rise/fall time of 4.92/4.97 μs. A comprehensive analysis of the device performance affected by the device structure and the graphene Fermi level was also performed. The theoretical figure of merit (2.644 mW−1μs−1) of graphene heaters is three orders of magnitude higher than that of metal heaters. Such results indicate graphene is an exceptional nanomaterial for future MIR optical interconnects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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“…To the best of our knowledge, it is the fastest modulation speed of metallic microheaters ever observed without a doping process. Compared to other microheaters, [ 1a,b,19 − 23 ] the proposed microheaters have an advantage in large‐scale integration, which is demonstrated by a

1 \times 8

phased array (See Figure S4, Supporting Information). Our work provides the guidance to realize and control high‐performance optical devices with high‐loss materials, which will contribute to the practical applications of strong absorption materials based on non‐Hermitian optics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optimized TiN heater [18] 0.4 62.5 21.4 Doped silicon heater [21] 0.23 130 24.77 Photonics crystal heater [22] 4…”

Section: D-materal Heatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy for Low‐Loss Optical Devices When Using High‐Loss Materials

Wei

Cheng

Wang

et al. 2022

Advanced Photonics Research

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Diverse materials, such as metal, graphene, highly doped semiconductors, and lithium niobate, have greatly enriched the functions of photonic devices such as thermo-optic, [1] electro-optic, [2] and all-optical modulators, [3] lasers, [4] photoelectric detectors. [5] However, there is a trade-off between the loss and performance of the material for photonic devices. Therefore, it is still challenging to reduce the loss of the devices without deteriorating the performances. To solve this problem, researchers have proposed to utilize highloss materials with superior materials such as lithium niobate for high-speed integrated modulators. [2aÀc,6] However, it is impossible to find an all-powerful material for various photonic devices.In recent years, material loss has been a powerful tool for optical field manipulation, [7] especially in the non-Hermitian system. Many counterintuitive phenomena in optics by utilizing high-loss materials [8] have been demonstrated in non-Hermitian systems. Coupled-mode theory in photonics systems containing gain and loss is applied to study the non-Hermitian systems. By carefully managing the gain and loss of the materials, the performances of the optical devices, [9] such as optoelectronic oscillators, [10] single-mode microring lasers, [8,11] sensing, [12] unidirectional invisibility, [13] and asymmetrical modes transmission [14] can be enhanced. Besides, in the passive non-Hermitian system, exciting findings are also observed in the loss-only structure. The novel properties of high-loss materials in a non-Hermitian system provide the potential method for high-performance optical devices and balance the trade-off between the loss and other performance metrics.This article proposes a method to realize low-loss optical devices with high-loss materials based on a two-waveguide-coupled non-Hermitian system. The results reveal that the loss of optical

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“…Our framework assumes that the phases in different paths are enabled independently which is not the case due to the crosstalks between different phase modulating elements. Luckily the integrated photonic modulator implementations typically exhibit extremely low crosstalks [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture agnostic algorithm for reconfigurable optical interferometer programming

Kuzmin,

Dyakonov,

Kulik

2021

Preprint

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We develop the learning algorithm to build the architecture agnostic model of the reconfigurable optical interferometer. Programming the unitary transformation on the optical modes of the interferometer either follows the analytical expression yielding the unitary matrix given the set of phaseshifts or requires the optimization routine if the analytic decomposition does not exist. Our algorithm adopts the supervised learning strategy which matches the model of the interferometer to the training set populated by the samples produced by the device under study. The simple optimization routine uses the trained model to output the phaseshifts of the interferometer with the given architecture corresponding to the desired unitary transformation. Our result provides the recipe for efficient tuning of the interferometers even without rigorous analytical description which opens opportunity to explore new architectures of the interferometric circuits.

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Ultracompact and low-power-consumption silicon thermo-optic switch for high-speed data

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband

Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband

Strategy for Low‐Loss Optical Devices When Using High‐Loss Materials

Architecture agnostic algorithm for reconfigurable optical interferometer programming

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