Ultracataclasite structure and friction processes of the Punchbowl fault, San Andreas system, California

Chester, F. M.; Chester, J. S.

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(98)00121-8

Cited by 455 publications

(471 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…4, 5). This probably indicates a tendency to evolve to a much narrower extent than our model element dimensions, in agreement with observed extreme localization of active slip zones (e.g., CHESTER and CHESTER, 1998;SIBSON, 2003;ROCKWELL and BEN-ZION, 2007). The highest damage levels along fault segments are usually found at the shallowest part of the LAF damage zone.…”

Section: Damage Rigidity and Strain Distribution Across Strike-slip supporting

confidence: 87%

“…The highly localized slip zone and surrounding ultracataclasite layer are referred to as the ''core'' of the fault zone. This fault core is typically parallel to the macroscopic slip vector and is surrounded by a cataclasite layer which is a few meters thick (e.g., CHESTER and CHESTER, 1998;SCHULZ and EVANS, 2000). The damage zone (DZ) around the fault core typically consists of a zone of intense damage, and possibly pulverized rocks, with a width of a few hundred meters (DOR et al, 2006(DOR et al, , 2008, which is surrounded by a broader, several kilometers wide zone, of distributed damage.…”

Section: Geological and Geophysical Observations Of Fault Zone Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Properties and Deformation Patterns of Evolving Strike-slip Faults: Numerical Simulations Incorporating Damage Rheology

Finzi

Hearn

Ben‐Zion

et al. 2009

Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones

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Abstract-We present results on evolving geometrical and material properties of large strike-slip fault zones and associated deformation fields, using 3-D numerical simulations in a rheologically-layered model with a seismogenic upper crust governed by a continuum brittle damage framework over a viscoelastic substrate. The damage healing parameters we employ are constrained using results of test models and geophysical observations of healing along active faults. The model simulations exhibit several results that are likely to have general applicability. The fault zones form initially as complex segmented structures and evolve overall with continuing deformation toward contiguous, simpler structures. Along relatively-straight mature segments, the models produce flower structures with depth consisting of a broad damage zone in the top few kilometers of the crust and highly localized damage at depth. The flower structures form during an early evolutionary stage of the fault system (before a total offset of about 0.05 to 0.1 km has accumulated), and persist as continued deformation localizes further along narrow slip zones. The tectonic strain at seismogenic depths is concentrated along the highly damaged cores of the main fault zones, although at shallow depths a small portion of the strain is accommodated over a broader region. This broader domain corresponds to shallow damage (or compliant) zones which have been identified in several seismic and geodetic studies of active faults. The models produce releasing stepovers between fault zone segments that are locations of ongoing interseismic deformation. Material within the fault stepovers remains damaged during the entire earthquake cycle (with significantly reduced rigidity and shearwave velocity) to depths of 10 to 15 km. These persistent damage zones should be detectable by geophysical imaging studies and could have important implications for earthquake dynamics and seismic hazard.

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Section: Damage Rigidity and Strain Distribution Across Strike-slip supporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Geological and Geophysical Observations Of Fault Zone Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Properties and Deformation Patterns of Evolving Strike-slip Faults: Numerical Simulations Incorporating Damage Rheology

Finzi

Hearn

Ben‐Zion

et al. 2009

Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones

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“…Usually in fault zones, two main domain can be identified: a fault core of small thickness constituted of highly comminuted ultra-cataclasites is surrounded with a damage zone which consists of fractured host rock (e.g [51][52][53]). The ultracataclastic structure is the results of numerous earthquake ruptures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear banding in drained and undrained triaxial tests on a saturated sandstone: Porosity and permeability evolution

Sulem

Ouffroukh

2006

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

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To cite this version:Jean Sulem, Hichem Ouffroukh. Shear-banding in drained and undrained triaxial tests on a saturated sandstone ; porosity and permeability evolution.. AbstractDetailed analysis of shear band formation and shear band microstructure formed in drained and undrained triaxial tests on Fontainebleau sandstone is presented. It is shown that under globally undrained conditions, local fluid exchanges inside the sample occur at shear banding resulting into an heterogeneous damage pattern along the shear band. At high confinement, pore pressure generation inside the band leads locally to fluidisation of the crushed material which results into the formation of connected channels in the heart of the band. Image processing analysis is used for evaluation of porosity inside the shear band and estimation of the permeability is performed using the Walsh and Brace [26] model. It is shown that, porosity increase as observed in the band at low confining pressure and porosity decrease as observed at high confining pressure are both accompanied by a reduction of permeability inside the shear band due to the increase of tortuosity and specific surface. However, this permeability reduction is much more important at high confining pressure and can reach values three orders of magnitude smaller than the permeability of the intact material.

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“…From the geological observation of exhumed ancient faults, the actual slip zone width during the earthquake is found to be very narrow, maybe on the order of millimeters or less, and surrounded by a damage zone (e.g., Chester and Chester 1998). As theoretically predicted by Yamashita (2000) and observed in the field by Di Toro et al (2005) , tensional cracks develop along the tensional side of the fault during high slip rupture, which causes the damage zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Constitutive parameters for earthquake rupture dynamics based on high-velocity friction tests with variable sliprate

Fukuyama

Mizoguchi

2009

Int J Fract

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To reproduce the dynamic rupture process of earthquakes, the fault geometry, initial stress distribution and a frictional constitutive law on the fault are important parameters as initial and boundary conditions of the system. Here, we focus on the frictional constitutive relation on the fault. During a high-speed rupture, fault strength decreases as slip develops which can be described by a slip weakening equation. To understand the physical process of stress breakdown during the dynamic rupture of earthquakes, we investigated the friction behavior of rocks in the laboratory by direct measurements of traction evolution with slip in response to a given slip history. We employed a highspeed rotary shear apparatus introduced at National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). This apparatus has a capability of sliding with predefined variable velocities using a servo-controlled system. We used a pair of granite cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 25 mm. As an input signal, we used a regularized Yoffe function to investigate the scale dependence of fracture energy and slip weakening distance (D c ). We observed a positive correlation between D c and total slip, keeping the maximum slip velocity constant. These conditions correspond to those for earthquakes with the same stress drop and varying magnitudes. Finally, we used a

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Ultracataclasite structure and friction processes of the Punchbowl fault, San Andreas system, California

Cited by 455 publications

References 66 publications

Structural Properties and Deformation Patterns of Evolving Strike-slip Faults: Numerical Simulations Incorporating Damage Rheology

Structural Properties and Deformation Patterns of Evolving Strike-slip Faults: Numerical Simulations Incorporating Damage Rheology

Shear banding in drained and undrained triaxial tests on a saturated sandstone: Porosity and permeability evolution

Constitutive parameters for earthquake rupture dynamics based on high-velocity friction tests with variable sliprate

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