Ultrabroadband Antenna With Robustness to Body Detuning for 4G Eyewear Devices

Cihangir, Aykut; Panagamuwa, Chinthana; Whittow, William G.; Gianesello, Frédéric; Luxey, Cyril

doi:10.1109/lawp.2016.2628883

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Eyewear Glasses [7][8][9][10] CE type antenna, SAR measurement was performed using the SAR probe (SAR 10 g ), Power input: 0.25 W,…”

Section: Applications Type Description Sar (W/kg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the studies for smart glasses are examined, effects of a mobile phone in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR) on the human head, with metallic [4][5][6] and plastic frameglasses [7][8][9][10][11], are investigated. Cihangir et al performed a study for effects of smart glasses with an integrated antenna operating at 4G and Wi-Fi communication on the human head in [7][8][9][10][11]. In their studies, SAR distribution on SAM and VH head phantom were analyzed, in which CE type antennas were placed in different areas of the head behind the ears.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Tri-Band Antennas of Wearable Smart Glasses

Geyikoğlu¹,

Kaburcuk²,

Çavuşoğlu³

2019

PIER C

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The goal of this study is to analyze the effect of tri-band antennas in 2.45, 3.6, 3.8, 4.56, and 6 GHz frequencies, which cover Wi-Fi and some of the future 5G frequencies for wearable smart glasses applications. The latter 4 frequencies are studied for the first time for smart glasses. In order to provide a thorough analysis, first a simulation study for the head model with the proposed antennas is performed, then a realistic experiment by using a semi-liquid gel phantom head model with the infrared thermography method is conducted, and also 4 male subjects are included to analyze temperature rise effects on the skin. The phantom prepared for this study is also validated for its robustness and matching parameters. The SAR values and temperature rise due to the usage of smart glasses calculated by simulation modeling, bio-heat analytical solution, and infrared thermography technique are in good agreement. The temperature rise of the skin regions gets monotonically increased in the duration of usage. The simulations for all indicated frequencies are performed. Also, to provide comparable and practical results, the phantom study is compared with simulations for 2.45 GHz. According to the quantitative data obtained on the liquid-gel head phantom and on the subjects, the temperature increase is below 1 • C, and its compliance with safety standards is determined. The results show that tri-band antennas for these frequencies can be safely used; however, a limiting behavior for the power is necessary for lower frequencies due to the increasing SAR values and temperature rise.

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“…Eyewear Glasses [7][8][9][10] CE type antenna, SAR measurement was performed using the SAR probe (SAR 10 g ), Power input: 0.25 W,…”

Section: Applications Type Description Sar (W/kg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Tri-Band Antennas of Wearable Smart Glasses

Geyikoğlu¹,

Kaburcuk²,

Çavuşoğlu³

2019

PIER C

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“…These devices have many applications such as navigation, driving assistance, video capture, and accept/reject incoming calls from a paired mobile phone. In addition to this, these devices developed for emerging technologies are expected to work with the Internet of Things (IoT) concept at 5G (fifth generation) frequencies [1,2]. 5G frequencies in many countries have been determined, and the main band intervals identified are given in Table 1 (unlicensed band ranges are specified in bold, italic) [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAR analysis of tri-band antennas for a 5G eyewear device

Geyikoğlu

Polat

Kaburcuk

et al. 2020

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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The goal of this study is to analyze the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution of the projected 5G frequencies below 6 GHz and at Wi-Fi frequency (2.45 GHz) on a human head, for eyewear device applications. Two separate tri-band printed dipole antennas for this purpose are designed and fabricated at operating frequencies of 2.45/3.8/6 GHz for prototype-1 and at operating frequencies of 2.45/3.6/4.56 GHz for prototype-2. In order to obtain the desired frequencies: first, the prototypes of the proposed antennas are fine-tuned via Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST) and then fabricated on the FR4 layer. The reflection coefficient (S11) is tested and the simulation results are confirmed. In order to analyze the effect of wearing a pair of glasses' frame including a tri-band 5G antenna, a frame is designed and produced via 3D printer with polylactic acid material which has high dielectric constant (ɛ r = 8.1). The SAR results of the proposed antennas have been examined for the cases where the antenna is embedded in the frame and is used alone. Both cases were analyzed by using the homogeneous specific anthropomorphic mannequin and the heterogeneous visible human head phantoms and the results have been evaluated in terms of SAR10 g values.

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“…The antenna is located in the watchband and metallic glass coating. 4G antennas used in smart eyewear have also appeared in five papers [7]- [11]. In [7], a simple eyewear 4G antenna is proposed for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [9], the influence of a metal frame loaded around a head on the performance of the eyewear antenna is studied. In [11], an eyewear frame composed of an ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) plastic medium was fabricated by three-dimensional printing technology, and a 4G eyewear antenna was then designed and measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-6GHz 4G/5G Conformal Glasses Antennas

2019

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The difficulty of antenna design applied to glasses is that the structure of glasses is too single, and the space available for antenna design is greatly limited. In this background, the integrated design of 4G antennas and 5G antennas applied to glasses is proposed in this paper. The most important highlight of this design is that it makes full use of the limited three-dimensional space structure provided by glasses and achieves the perfect combination of the antenna and glasses in the physical structure. Specifically, two antennas for 4G communication are arranged on two glasses frames, and four antennas for 5G communication are arranged on two glasses legs. In this way, we can make full use of the space provided by the glasses to design antennas and ensure that there is a certain distance between the 4G antennas and 5G antennas so that the performance of both 4G antennas and 5G antennas can be guaranteed. The 4G antenna consists of a loop structure printed on the frame and leg of the glasses and a parasitic branch strip printed on the front of the leg of the glasses. The resonance modes of the 4G antenna are mainly loop, monopole, and dipole modes, which can cover two 4G bands of 0.824-0.96 GHz and 1.71-2.69 GHz. Each 5G antenna mainly comes from the open slot mode etched on the metal ground surface of an FR4 substrate of the glasses leg. In addition, the slot antennas operate in two 5G bands of 3.3-3.6 GHz and 4.8-5.0 GHz. Finally, the glasses and the antennas are fabricated based on FR4 substrates and measured. The measured results show that the proposed antennas perform well and have the potential to be used in 4G/5G communications through glasses.INDEX TERMS Smart glasses, wearable multiple-mode antenna, loop antenna, 4G, 5G.

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Ultrabroadband Antenna With Robustness to Body Detuning for 4G Eyewear Devices

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Tri-Band Antennas of Wearable Smart Glasses

Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Tri-Band Antennas of Wearable Smart Glasses

SAR analysis of tri-band antennas for a 5G eyewear device

Sub-6GHz 4G/5G Conformal Glasses Antennas

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