SAR analysis of tri-band antennas for a 5G eyewear device

Fifth-generation technology is not fully deployed in the world wireless communication till date. Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band needs to be used due to plenty of available bandwidth and for achieving the goals of 5G such as greater data rate, ultra-high-speed video broadcasting, low latency services, and many more. Wideband antenna is required for 5G applications to access the high speed, low latency Internet services, and ultra-high-definition video streaming. Various bandwidth enhancement techniques have been reported by the researchers for microstrip antennas operating at microwave bands. High link losses, small wavelength, limited coverage, and environmental losses are the major challenges of mm-wave band. To mitigate these issues and satisfy 5G standard, an antenna with wide bandwidth, high gain, narrow steerable beam, high isolation, low side lobe levels, and multiband characteristics is required. Modifications in conventional antenna design techniques are required to achieve broader bandwidth along with stable radiation characteristics, improved gain, and low side lobe levels at mm-wave frequencies. This paper presents the survey of various bandwidth enhancement techniques which has been used in the 5G antennas designed by researchers. Reviews of some wideband 5G antennas with their performance comparisons are also discussed.

Section: Characteristics Of 5g Antenna and Performance Enhancement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of various bandwidth enhancement techniques used for 5G antennas

Nahar

Rawat

2021

“…25-52.6 GHz band, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) deteriorate because the electromagnetic waves suffer from the free space path loss and blockage. In the sub-6 GHz spectrum, the main attraction is on the 3.5 GHz band which has 400 MHz bandwidth (3.4-3.8 GHz), and is commercially available in many parts of the world, and can be used with the existing communication system hardware with minor changes [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, developments, and applications of 5G antennas: a review

Pant

Malviya

2022

As the demand for high data rates is increasing day by day, fifth-generation (5G) becomes the leading-edge technology in wireless communications. The main objectives of the 5G communication system are to enhance the data rates (up to 20 Gbps) and capacity, ultra-low latency (1 ms), high reliability, great flexibility, and enhance device to device communication. The mentioned objectives lead to the hunting of the millimeter-wave frequency range which lies from 30 to 300 GHz for 5G wireless communications. To design such high capacity, low latency, and flexible systems, antenna design is one of the crucial parts. In this paper, a survey is presented on various antenna designs with their fabrication on different types of substrates such as Rogers RT/duroid 5880, Rogers RO4003C, Taconic TLY-5, etc., at different 5G frequency bands. The different configurations of antennas that covered antenna arrays, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, phased antennas, and beamforming antennas are discussed in detail with their applications. The design of MIMO antennas in the 5G frequency band occupied less space so mutual coupling reduction techniques are required for maintaining the required gain, efficiency, and isolation. This paper is also focused on the mutual coupling reduction techniques and diversity in MIMO antennas.

“…The SAR distribution in the human head due to EM energy radiated by an adjacent cellular phone having different types of antennas has been studied extensively using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], the SAR distribution on the part of human body phantom due to a wearable textile antenna has been studied using commercial software tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDTD-based SAR calculation of a wearable antenna for wireless body area network devices

Savci

Kaburcuk²

2022

Self Cite

Wireless-connected wearable electronics are finding extensive usage for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes after the globally spread pandemic disease of COVID-19. Although they are undoubtedly helpful for keeping physical distance, their health effects are still under investigation from different aspects and are still a concern for the end-users. In this study, a custom M-shaped wearable antenna covering the wireless body area network and wireless local area network frequencies is designed, built, and measured. A beret cap made from a 2 mm thick textile is used as a substrate. The specific absorption rate (SAR) in a realistic human-head model due to electromagnetic energy produced by the antenna is evaluated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The SAR distributions for 1-g and 10-g tissues are calculated at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. It is shown that the obtained maximum SAR values for 1-g and 10-g tissues at each frequency of interest were less than the limits determined by IEEE RF exposure guidelines and standards.