Ultra-stretchable ion gels based on physically cross-linked polymer networks

Tang, Zefang; Liu, Dong; Lyu, Xiaolin; Liu, Yadi; Liu, Yun; Yang, Wenzhong; Shen, Zhihao; Fan, Xinghe

doi:10.1039/d2tc01721k

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Up to now, although many strategies have been developed to prepare superstretchable ionogels (elongation at break >1000%), most ionogels still have unsatisfactory mechanical performances, like low tensile strength (<1 MPa), low toughness (<0.1 kJ m −2 ) and low Young's modulus (<0.1 MPa), which are far lower than those of their hydrogel counterparts with the tensile strength, toughness and modulus of ~7 MPa, ~40 kJ m −2 and ~210 MPa, respectively. Generally, The chemically or physically crosslinked network can strengthen the skeleton framework by incorporating crosslinking points [17][18][19]. Chemical crosslinking can greatly enhance the rigidity of the network, which can increase the stress at break.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

一种面向柔性离子电子学的超强韧、可拉伸的多功能离子凝胶

et al. 2023

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Ionogels have attracted much attention in recent years because of their good thermal stability, high ionic conductivity, and non-volatility. However, there is a trade-off between the mechanical strength and stretchability of ionogels, which results in unsatisfactory mechanical performance. Herein, strong polymer crystallization and weak ion-dipole interaction are combined to prepare an ultra-tough and superstretchable ionogel. The crystalline region can dissipate the energy through the stress-induced disaggregation mechanism in the stretching process and toughen the gel, while the reversible formation and dissociation of the ion-dipole interaction between amorphous polymer chains and ionic liquids can provide elasticity for large strain. These ionogels have high toughness, strong tensile strength, large Young's modulus, and good stretchability. Furthermore, the ionogels also possess other properties like good fatigue resistance, quick selfrecovery, high transparency, recyclability, self-healing ability, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical window. This ionogel exhibits great potential in several iontronic devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators, ionic thermoelectric materials, and strain sensors. This study develops a new method to guide the preparation of high-performance ionogels by combining reversible strong and weak interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

一种面向柔性离子电子学的超强韧、可拉伸的多功能离子凝胶

et al. 2023

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“…The ionic conductivity can be calculated using the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the PCI (Figure S15). Due to its high conductivity, the weak dielectric relaxation of the ions leads to a slight capacitive effect, resulting in the absence of semicircles appearing in the Nyquist curve. , The ionic conductivity can be calculated using the formula σ = L /( R × A ), where L and A represent the distance between two electrodes and the cross-sectional area of the film, respectively, and R is the intrinsic resistance of the PCI which is read out from the Nyquist plots. As shown in Figure a, all of the PCIs have high ionic conductivities in the range of 0.12–0.40 mS/cm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Stiffening Ionogel with High-Temperature Tolerance via the Synergy of Ionic Clusters and Hydrogen Bonds

Lyu

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Highly stretchable and conductive ionogels have great potential in flexible electronics and soft robotic skins. However, current ionogels are still far from being able to accurately duplicate the mechanically responsive behavior of real human skin. Furthermore, durable robotic skins that are applicable under harsh conditions are still lacking. Herein, a strong noncovalent interaction, ionic clusters, is combined with hydrogen bonds to obtain a physically cross-linked ionogel (PCI). Benefiting from the strong ionic bonding of the ionic cluster, the PCI shows strain-stiffening behavior similar to that of human skin, thus enabling it to have a perception-strengthening ability. Additionally, the strong ionic clusters can also ensure the PCI remains stable at high temperatures. Even when the temperature is raised to 200 °C, the PCI can maintain the gel state. Moreover, the PCI exhibits high transparency, recyclability, good adhesion, and high conductivity. Such excellent features distinguish the PCI from ordinary ionogels, providing a new way to realize skin-like sensing in harsh environments for future bionic machines.

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Strain‐Stiffening, Robust yet Compliant Ionic Elastomer from Highly Entangled Polymer Networks and Metal–Oxygen Interactions

Zhou,

Zhan,

Shen

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Ion‐conductive elastomers have emerged as ideal candidates for ionic skin and wearable devices due to their intrinsic stretchability and excellent electrical properties. Despite continuous efforts in this field, strain‐stiffening, robust yet compliant ionic elastomers are still unattainable due to the limited intermolecular interactions, restricting their reliability and durability in practical applications. Inspired by the interwoven collagen fiber network and synergistic non‐covalent interaction in the dermis, an immense strain‐stiffening, ultra‐stretchable, highly tough, and elastic ionic elastomer are reported by introducing the metal–oxygen interactions into the highly entangled network. The ionic elastomers also show intriguing self‐healing ability, high adhesion, and environmental tolerance, contributed by the dynamic synergistic noncovalent interactions. The prepared ionic skin displays sensitive and stable responses to temperature and strain. This work demonstrates a new design strategy for fabricating high‐performance ionic elastomers with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, showing great prospects in wearable and flexible devices.

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Ultra-stretchable ion gels based on physically cross-linked polymer networks

Abstract: A high-performance ion gel composed of poly(ethyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid-co-sodium acrylate) (P(EA-co-AA-co-AANa)) with a high ionic liquid content was successfully fabricated through a simple solution-casting method. It exhibits excellent mechanical strength...

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

一种面向柔性离子电子学的超强韧、可拉伸的多功能离子凝胶

一种面向柔性离子电子学的超强韧、可拉伸的多功能离子凝胶

Strain-Stiffening Ionogel with High-Temperature Tolerance via the Synergy of Ionic Clusters and Hydrogen Bonds

Strain‐Stiffening, Robust yet Compliant Ionic Elastomer from Highly Entangled Polymer Networks and Metal–Oxygen Interactions

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