A tough double-network (DN) ion gel composed of chemically cross-linked poly­(furfuryl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (P­(FMA-co-MMA)) and physically cross-linked poly­(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P­(VDF-co-HFP)) networks with 80 wt % of ionic liquid (IL) was fabricated via a one-pot method. This ion gel exhibits excellent mechanical strength and considerable ionic conductivity, which can be used as a solid gel electrolyte. Upon an adjustment of the weight ratio of P­(FMA-co-MMA) to P­(VDF-co-HFP) and the content of the cross-linker, remarkably robust DN ion gel (failure tensile stress 660 kPa, strain 268%; failure compressive stress 17 MPa, strain 85%) was obtained. The high mechanical strength is attributed to the chemical/physical interpenetrating networks. The rigid chemically cross-linked P­(FMA-co-MMA) network dissipates most of the loading energy, and the ductile physically cross-linked P­(VDF-co-HFP) network provides stretchability for the whole gel. More importantly, the P­(FMA-co-MMA) network is formed by dynamic covalent bonds that can undergo a thermally reversible reaction, giving the gel a unique and effective thermal healing capability. Furthermore, with the high content of IL, the DN ion gel possesses a high ionic conductivity of 3.3 mS cm–1 at room temperature, which is higher than those of most solid polymer electrolytes and comparable to those of commercial organic liquid electrolytes.

The self-assembly of a rod-coil amphiphilic block copolymer (ABCP) led to Im3‾ m and Pn3‾ m polymer cubosomes and p6mm polymer hexasomes. This is the first time that these structures are observed in a rod-coil system. By varying the hydrophobic chain length, the initial concentration of the polymer solution, or the solubility parameter of the mixed solvent, head-tail asymmetry is adjusted to control the formation of polymer cubosomes or hexasomes. The formation mechanism of the polymer cubosomes was also studied. This research opens up a new way for further study of the bicontinuous and inverse phases in different ABCP systems.

Yolk–shell composites offer a promising platform for integrating cores into hollow shells to create unique structures and properties. However, the concomitant functionality and tunability of yolk–shell nanocomposites is still a great challenge but highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate a rational design for the fabrication of yolk–shell-structured covalent organic framework (COF)@metal–organic framework (MOF) (YS-COF@MOF) nanocomposites with COF as the external shell and MOF as the inner yolk. Series of the YS-COF@MOF composites with different MOF cores and COF shells were readily synthesized via a template-free solvothermal method. Control experiments showed that the formation of the hollow cavity between the core and the shell originated from the amorphous-to-crystalline transformation and the simultaneous shrinkage of the shell under the pyrrolidine-catalyzed conditions. The resultant YS-COF@MOF merges the inherent structure tunability and functionality of both COFs and MOFs. The functions of YS-COF@MOF can be regulated and optimized by judicious selections of metal ions and organic building blocks. Representative YS-TpPa@UiO-66-(COOH)2 with spatially distributed acidic and basic sites exhibited synergistically enhanced catalytic activity in one-pot deacetalization–Knoevenagel cascade reactions.