Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Instrument at the Advanced Photon Source: History, Recent Development, and Current Status

Ilavský, Ján; Zhang, F.; Allen, Andrew J.; Levine, Lyle E.; Jemian, P.R.; Long, Gabrielle G.

doi:10.1007/s11661-012-1431-y

Cited by 144 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Through rotation of the analyser crystal, the scattered intensity at various angles can be evaluated with an extremely high angular precision or resolution. A few standalone instruments have been constructed on synchrotrons [26,40,84,81], and several more have been built as complementary instruments around laboratory x-ray sources (tube-as well as rotating anode sources) [17,65,106,26].…”

Section: Bonse-hart Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Everything SAXS: small-angle scattering pattern collection and correction

Pauw

2013

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

152

135

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Section: Bonse-hart Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Everything SAXS: small-angle scattering pattern collection and correction

Pauw

2013

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

152

135

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“…Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the synchrotron-based Bonse-Hart instrument at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, used in the present work (Ilavsky et al, , 2013. X-ray crystal optics are used both to define the collimated monochromatic incident beam (collimating crystals) and to determine the small-angle scattering intensity as a function of Q (analyzing crystals), where Q = (4 / )sin , is the X-ray wavelength and is half of the scattering angle, '.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIST Standard Reference Material 3600: Absolute Intensity Calibration Standard for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

et al. 2017

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The certification of a new standard reference material for small-angle scattering [NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3600: Absolute Intensity Calibration Standard for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)], based on glassy carbon, is presented. Creation of this SRM relies on the intrinsic primary calibration capabilities of the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering technique. This article describes how the intensity calibration has been achieved and validated in the certified Q range, Q = 0.008-0.25 Å À1 , together with the purpose, use and availability of the SRM. The intensity calibration afforded by this robust and stable SRM should be applicable universally to all SAXS instruments that employ a transmission measurement geometry, working with a wide range of X-ray energies or wavelengths. The validation of the SRM SAXS intensity calibration using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is discussed, together with the prospects for including SANS in a future renewal certification.

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“…The APS USAXS/SAXS instrument extends the capabilities of SAXS by covering more than 10 decades in scattering intensity and spanning more than 4 decades of scattering vector, which increases the size resolution range from few Angstroms up to few micrometers. The unique capability that distinguishes this instrument from other USAXS instruments available at major x-ray synchrotron facilities is that it allows for collecting SAS data over the entire Q-range in a single scan [15,16]. Additional important features include 2D-collimated USAXS, USAXS imaging, and anomalous USAXS measurements near the absorption edge.…”

Section: Saxs and Usaxs Instruments At Aps Anlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18]. Reprinted from [15] with kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media Irena is available for both Windows and Macintosh operating systems and can be downloaded for free from the APS website [19].…”

Section: Saxs and Usaxs Instruments At Aps Anlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, use of the high-energy x-rays would allow for intensity measurements much closer to the forward direction, decreasing the minimum Q from 10 À4 to~2 Â 10 À5 Å À1 , and thus making it possible to probe structural objects with sizes up to~30 μm. More details about instrument performance, as well as examples of recent research using the APS USAXS/SAXS instrument, can be found in recent reviews [15,16]. Pinhole SAXS and Bonse-Hart USAXS instruments are currently available at major synchrotron sources all around the world.…”

Section: Saxs and Usaxs Instruments At Aps Anlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constant Flux and Time-of-Flight Instrumentation

Melnichenko

2016

Small-Angle Scattering From Confined and Interfacial Fluids

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Use of small-angle and ultra-small angle scattering instruments in a tandem provides a unique opportunity of exploring sample structure on the length scales between Angstroms and microns in a single experiment. This chapter considers major types and components of small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering instruments. Constant flux instrumentation is discussed based on the General Purpose SANS diffractometer (HFIR, ORNL) and the double-crystal USANS instrument (NCNR, NIST). Operational principles and major components of time-of-flight SAS instrumentation are considered based on the Extended Q SANS and the Time-Of-Flight USANS instruments (SNS, ORNL). X-ray SAS instrumentation is discussed based on SAXS and USAXS diffractometers available at APS, ANL. Advantages and disadvantages of the constant flux and time-of-flight instruments for various types of experiments and different systems are discussed and illustrative examples of the scattering data obtained from various samples using SANS/ USANS and SAXS/USAXS instruments are presented. General Purpose SANS Instrument at HFIR, ORNLIn the early 2000s, a series of upgrades was undertaken at HFIR, including replacement of the beryllium reflector, installation of a supercritical hydrogen cold source (T~20 K) in the horizontal beam 4 (HB-4) tube, and construction of a guide hall that hosts a suite of cold source instruments including a GP-SANS instrument on cold guide 2 (CG2) and a biological SANS instrument (Bio-SANS) on cold guide 3 (CG3) that is optimized for the study of biological systems. In addition to the SANS facilities, a suite of other instrumentation has been installed (see the current guide hall layout in Fig. 3.1 The GP-SANS instrument [1] can be divided into four major components: the delivery system that brings neutrons to the sample, the sample area, the post sample flight path/detection system, and the instrument control and data handling electronics.The neutron delivery system consists of the cold source, main guides, velocity selector, and removable guide sections. The energy spectrum of neutrons in thermal equilibrium with the water moderator kept at a constant temperature T is described by the Maxwellian distributionwhere λ and m are the wavelength and the mass of the neutron, respectively, and k B is the Boltzmann constant. The temperature of the water moderator is usually close to room temperature. Hence, the corresponding neutrons, with a maximum peak flux around λ~1 Å, are called thermal neutrons ( Fig. 3.2). SANS experiments require neutrons with a considerably longer wavelength, and the Maxwellian energy spectrum can be shifted towards lower energies (longer wavelengths) by passing them through an additional moderator (i.e., cold source) near the reactor core that is maintained at a much lower temperature. The cold source used in HB-4 is situated close (<40 cm) to the center of the HFIR core. It represents an aluminum vessel filled with 505 mL of supercritical hydrogen that is refrigerated to~20 K at a pressure of 14.5 bar (Fig. 3.3). The cold ...

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Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Instrument at the Advanced Photon Source: History, Recent Development, and Current Status

Cited by 144 publications

References 45 publications

Everything SAXS: small-angle scattering pattern collection and correction

Everything SAXS: small-angle scattering pattern collection and correction

NIST Standard Reference Material 3600: Absolute Intensity Calibration Standard for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Constant Flux and Time-of-Flight Instrumentation

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