Ultra-Low Loss Large Area Waveguide Coils for Integrated Optical Gyroscopes

Huffman, Taran; Davenport, Michael; Belt, Michael; Bowers, John E.; Blumenthal, D.J.

doi:10.1109/lpt.2016.2620433

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Operation in the visible and near-IR spectrum promises compact coherent sources for spectroscopy 39 and atomic clocks 3 . The Si3N4 integration platform is readily compatible with previously demonstrated chip-scale photonic components 33,34,40 leading to higher complexity circuits that leverage sub-Hz performance, and wafer-scale foundry CMOS compatible processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-hertz fundamental linewidth photonic integrated Brillouin laser

et al. 2018

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Photonic systems and technologies traditionally relegated to table-top experiments are poised to make the leap from the laboratory to real-world applications through integration, leading to a dramatic decrease in size, weight, power, and cost 1 . In particular, photonic integrated ultra-narrow linewidth lasers are a critical component for applications including coherent communications 2 , metrology 3-5 , microwave photonics 6 , spectroscopy 7 , and optical synthesizers 1 . Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) lasers, through their unique linewidth narrowing properties 8 , are an ideal candidate to create highly-coherent waveguide integrated sources. In particular, cascaded-order Brillouin lasers show promise for multi-line emission 14 , low-noise microwave generation 6 and other optical comb applications. To date, compact, very-low linewidth SBS lasers have been demonstrated using discrete, tapered-fiber coupled chip-scale silica 9,10 or CaF2 11 microresonators. Photonic integration of these lasers can dramatically improve their stability to environmental and mechanical disturbances, simplify their packaging, and lower cost through wafer-scale photonics foundry processes. While single-order silicon 12 and cascade-order chalcogenide 13 waveguide SBS lasers have been demonstrated, these lasers produce modest emission linewidths of 10-100 kHz and are not compatible with waferscale photonics foundry processes. Here, we report the first demonstration of a sub-Hz (~0.7 Hz) fundamental linewidth photonic-integrated Brillouin cascaded-order laser, representing a significant advancement in the state-of-the-art in integrated waveguide SBS lasers. This laser is comprised of a bus-ring resonator fabricated using an ultra-low loss (< 0.5 dB/m) Si3N4 waveguide platform. To achieve a sub-Hz linewidth, we leverage a high-Q, large mode volume, single polarization mode resonator that produces photon generated acoustic waves without phonon guiding. This approach greatly relaxes phase matching conditions between polarization modes and optical and acoustic modes. By using a theory for cascaded-order Brillouin laser dynamics 14 , we determine the fundamental emission linewidth of the first Stokes order by measuring the beat-note linewidth between and the relative powers of the first and third Stokes orders. Extension of these high performance lasers to the visible and near-IR wavebands is possible due to the low optical loss of silicon nitride waveguides from 405 nm to 2350 nm 15 , paving the way to photonic-integrated sub-Hz lasers for visible-light applications including atomic clocks and precision spectroscopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-hertz fundamental linewidth photonic integrated Brillouin laser

et al. 2018

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“…Delay lines up to 25 m in length with 250-ns delay are fabricated on a single-layer chip using coil (spiral) configurations. Low-loss coils are fabricated using a 40-nm core and 10-mm minimum bend radius on a large area (2 cm × 2 cm) chip [97]. The large area and uniformity of processing requires techniques such as large area deep UV (DUV) lithography.…”

Section: Fig 10 (A) Schematic Layout Of a Three-stage Ring Resonator Filter (B) Calculated Normalized Group Delay Response The Bold Line mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-layer coil designs utilize multiple turns and 90 • crossovers to allow input and output waveguide access. A single-layer 3-m coil with 25 turns and 50 crossings with measured 0.78-dB/m waveguide loss and 0.0156-dB/crossing loss [97] illuminated with red laser light is shown in Fig. 11(a).…”

Section: Fig 10 (A) Schematic Layout Of a Three-stage Ring Resonator Filter (B) Calculated Normalized Group Delay Response The Bold Line mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Nitride in Silicon Photonics

et al. 2018

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The silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) planar waveguide platform has enabled a broad class of low-loss planar-integrated devices and chip-scale solutions that benefit from transparency over a wide wavelength range (400-2350 nm) and fabrication using wafer-scale processes. As a complimentary platform to silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and III-V photonics, Si 3 N 4 waveguide technology opens up a new generation of systemon-chip applications not achievable with the other platforms alone. The availability of low-loss waveguides (<1 dB/m) that can handle high optical power can be engineered for linear and nonlinear optical functions, and that support a variety of passive and active building blocks opens new avenues for systemon-chip implementations. As signal bandwidth and data rates continue to increase, the optical circuit functions and complexity made possible with Si 3 N 4 has expanded the practical application of optical signal processing functions that can reduce energy consumption, size and cost over today's digital electronic solutions. Researchers have been able to push the performance photonic-integrated components beyond other integrated platforms, including ultrahigh Q resonators, optical filters, highly coherent lasers, optical signal processing circuits, nonlinear optical devices, frequency comb generators, and biophotonic system-on-chip. This review paper covers the Manuscript

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“…Si nitride has also become one of the key materials for nonlinear applications and many efforts have geared towards the demonstration of wavelength conversion and optical parametric amplification in the telecom band. Additionally, optical delay lines have been realized to enable digital filtering, pulse shaping and data storage for all optical signal processing [99][100][101]. Si 3 N 4 has also been attractive for frequency comb generation [97,99,102] that can be used as an optical source for high-capacity data transmission [99,103], spectroscopy and optical metrology [104].…”

Section: Silicon Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

CORNERSTONE’s Silicon Photonics Rapid Prototyping Platforms: Current Status and Future Outlook

Littlejohns

Rowe

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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The field of silicon photonics has experienced widespread adoption in the datacoms industry over the past decade, with a plethora of other applications emerging more recently such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR), sensing, quantum photonics, programmable photonics and artificial intelligence. As a result of this, many commercial complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) foundries have developed open access silicon photonics process lines, enabling the mass production of silicon photonics systems. On the other side of the spectrum, several research labs, typically within universities, have opened up their facilities for small scale prototyping, commonly exploiting e-beam lithography for wafer patterning. Within this ecosystem, there remains a challenge for early stage researchers to progress their novel and innovate designs from the research lab to the commercial foundries because of the lack of compatibility of the processing technologies (e-beam lithography is not an industry tool). The CORNERSTONE rapid-prototyping capability bridges this gap between research and industry by providing a rapid prototyping fabrication line based on deep-UV lithography to enable seamless scaling up of production volumes, whilst also retaining the ability for device level innovation, crucial for researchers, by offering flexibility in its process flows. This review article presents a summary of the current CORNERSTONE capabilities and an outlook for the future.

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Ultra-Low Loss Large Area Waveguide Coils for Integrated Optical Gyroscopes

Abstract: Abstract-We discuss the design, fabrication, and measurement of a large area stitched gyroscopic coil, reporting waveguide loss, including 100 stitches over 3 m, of 0.78 dB/m and crossing loss of 0.0156 dB/crossing for a predicted ARW of 69°/hr/ √ Hz.

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Sub-hertz fundamental linewidth photonic integrated Brillouin laser

Sub-hertz fundamental linewidth photonic integrated Brillouin laser

Silicon Nitride in Silicon Photonics

CORNERSTONE’s Silicon Photonics Rapid Prototyping Platforms: Current Status and Future Outlook

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