Ultra‐low‐loading palladium nanoparticles stabilized on nanocrystalline Polyaniline (Pd@PANI): A efficient, green, and recyclable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes

Abstract

Ultra-low-loading Pd@PANI nanocomposites (0.048 w.t% Pd) were synthesized via a method that combined interfacial polymerization and in situ composite with camphor sulfonic acid ((+)-CSA) as a dopant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to characterize the structures. It can be used as an efficient catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous solution by using a smaller amount of NaBH 4 (2.5 equiv.) at room temperature with high activity (TON = 3.4 × 10 3 ), good stability (cycled eight times), as well as wide applicability (27 substrates). The catalyst also showed a marvelous activity in the gram-level reaction (yield = 92%). UV-Visible spectrophotometry was used to investigate the reaction kinetics for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, and the results reconfirmed the excellent performance of the catalyst. The unique properties and superior performance of the prepared ultra-low-loading Pd@PANI nanocomposites lead it be an attractive alternative catalyst for conventional organic catalytic applications. KEYWORDScatalytic performance, palladium nanoparticle, polyaniline, reduction of nitroarenes in water, reused for multiple cycles

Copper and palladium bimetallic sub-nanoparticles were stabilized on modified polyaniline materials as an efficient catalyst to promote C–C coupling reactions in aqueous solution

“…This is because the polyaniline material not only serves as a support, but also as a ligand, stabilizing the metal particles and improving the electron transport of the catalyst. 29,40 When the modified polyaniline material in this work is used as the carrier, the reaction yield is further improved (Pd@Mod-PANI-3OH, 71%). Additionally, the catalytic performance of the Cu/Pd@PANI material without functional modification is lower than that of the modified material (Cu/ Pd@Mod-PANI-OH).…”

Ionic liquid containing high-density polyethylene supported tungstate: a novel, efficient, and highly recoverable catalyst

“…Moreover, functionalized polymers are extensively employed in various industries such as packaging ( Wan et al, 2020 ), transportation ( Sarkar et al, 2019 ), biomedical engineering ( Szymczyk-Ziółkowska et al, 2020 ), sporting goods ( Sharma et al, 2020 ), electronics ( Zhang et al, 2020 ), energy storage ( Zhang et al, 2021 ), and water treatment ( Khodakarami and Bagheri, 2021 ; Das et al, 2023 ). Some recently developed catalysts in this matter are Pd/PVPy ( Fusini et al, 2020 ), Poly-NHC-2–Pd 2+ ( Xu et al, 2015 ), Au-NWs@Pd@PEI ( Xue et al, 2018 ), PS-TRIP ( Clot-Almenara et al, 2016 ), and Pd@PANI ( Wang et al, 2019 ), PEEK-TBD ( Shi et al, 2023 ). Among different polymers, polyethylene (PE) is widely regarded as a highly versatile material owing to its exceptional workability, chemical inertness, affordability, high resistance to elevated temperatures, and extensive compatibility with various processing techniques.…”

An efficient catalytic reduction of nitroarenes over metal‐organic framework‐derived magnetic graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet

“…However, some of these systems had disadvantages including the need to recover expensive catalysts and challenging and difficult separation and recyclability. However, the development of an efficient catalytic system for the reduction of nitro compounds remains a challenging task 44–67 …”