“…Among the studied fluids, ILs have been proposed as one of the most promising, advanced, and designable liquid materials, owing to their unique properties (Editorial, 2019;Siami et al, 2023), and received great attention (Wang et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020). Incorporating ILs on the surface of substrates to create an interfacial effect and then achieve desirable performance has been widely proposed when developing advanced technologies for different applications, including batteries for energy storage, high voltage supercapacitors, and catalysis (Zhang Q. D. et al, 2022;Bahaa et al, 2024;Mousavi et al, 2024). To promote the development of such technologies, it is essential to obtain and understand the properties of ILs on a solid surface, which is also beneficial for developing thermodynamic models.…”