Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Caffeine in Energy Drinks

Lee, Min Soo; Hương, Nguyễn Lan; Hoang, Nguyen Huu; Shrestha, Anil; Park, Je Won

doi:10.1080/00032719.2014.888730

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The protonated ion [M + H] + at m / z 195 detected (Figure a) was the precursor of fragments m / z 138 and 110 (Figure b). These ions were the result of the loss of C 2 H 4 NO and C 2 H 6 , respectively. , Figure c,d displays the mass spectra of possible caffeine derivatives elucidated after our experiments. For instance, in each of the mass spectra studied, the molecular ion [M + H] + was identified, and then, the structures of the transformation products were established by following the fragmentation pattern (Figures c,d and S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ions were the result of the loss of C 2 H 4 NO and C 2 H 6 , respectively. 21,22 Figure 4c,d displays the mass spectra of possible caffeine derivatives elucidated after our experiments. For instance, in each of the mass spectra studied, the molecular ion [M + H] + was identified, and then, the structures of the transformation 4c,d and S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanochemical Degradation of Caffeine and Diclofenac Using Biochar of Fique Bagasse in the Presence of Al: Monitoring by Mass Spectrometry

Correa-Navarro,

López,

Carazzone

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Much research has been carried out to remove emerging contaminants using diverse materials. Furthermore, studies related to pollutant degradation have increased over the past decade. Mechanochemical degradation can successfully decompose molecules that are persistent in the environment. In this study, the biochar of fique bagasse with mixtures SiO 2 , Al, Al 2 O 3 , and Al-Al 2 O 3 was treated with a mechanochemical technique using a planetary ball mill to investigate the degradation of caffeine and diclofenac. These tests resulted in the transformation of caffeine and diclofenac due to the use of Al employing mechanochemistry. In fact, through the use of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, eight and six subproducts were identified for caffeine and diclofenac, respectively. Additionally, analysis of the molecules proposed for caffeine and diclofenac transformation suggested hydroxylation, demethylation, decarboxylation, oxidation reactions, and cleavage of the C−C and C−N bonds in the pollutants studied. The formation of these transformation products could be possible by reductant oxygen species generated from the molecular oxygen in the presence of aluminum and the energy delivered for ball milling. The results obtained show the potential application in the environmental management of mechanochemical treatment in the elimination of emerging contaminants caffeine and diclofenac.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Degradation of Caffeine and Diclofenac Using Biochar of Fique Bagasse in the Presence of Al: Monitoring by Mass Spectrometry

Correa-Navarro,

López,

Carazzone

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…This study indicates that the proposed RP-UPLC approach gives us reliable, precise, and accurate results for the simultaneous quantification of the analyzed AA and CAF in commercial soft drinks with adequate runtime and low solvent consumption. In this study, the newly developed RP-UPLC method allowed for the simultaneous quantitation of AA and CAF in analyzed samples, whereas literature UPLC methods with electrospray ionization–multiple tandem mass spectrometry detection for the analysis of CAF alone [ 41 ] and photodiode array detection for the analysis of AA alone [ 42 ] require the use of pretreatment for sample preparation. In our case, after diluting commercial samples with the solvent system, filtered samples were directly injected into the UPLC system without using an initial extraction procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several analytical methods including spectrophotometry for CAF [ 1 , 2 ] and AA [ 3 ], high-performance liquid chromatography for CAF [ 4 – 16 ] and AA [ 17 – 22 ], liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for CAF [ 23 ] and AA [ 24 ], voltammetry for CAF [ 25 – 27 ] and AA [ 28 – 32 ], Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry for CAF [ 33 – 35 ] and AA [ 36 ], chemiluminescence for CAF [ 37 ], gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for CAF [ 38 ], ion chromatography for CAF [ 39 ], capillary electrophoresis for CAF [ 40 ], and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography for CAF [ 41 ] and AA [ 42 ] have been reported for the analysis of the related compounds in drinks and pharmaceuticals. A literature survey revealed that there was no report about the simultaneous estimation of AA and CAF in the mentioned samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and caffeine in commercial soft drinks using reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography

Turak

Güzel

Dinç

2017

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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A new reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography method with a photodiode array detector was developed for the quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) and caffeine (CAF) in 11 different commercial drinks consisting of one energy drink and 10 ice tea drinks. Separation of the analyzed AA and CAF with an internal standard, caffeic acid, was performed on a Waters BEH C column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm i.d.), using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.2M HPO (11:89, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min and an injection volume of 1.0 μL. Calibration graphs for AA and CAF were computed from the peak area ratio of AA/internal standard and CAF/internal standard detected at 244.0 nm and 273.6 nm, respectively. The developed reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography method was validated by analyzing standard addition samples. The proposed reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography method gave us successful results for the quantitative analysis of commercial drinks containing AA and CAF substances.

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Fast analysis of caffeine in beverages and drugs by paper spray tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2016

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A simple and fast method based on paper spray mass spectrometry for the determination of caffeine in commercial beverages and drugs has been developed; the analyses were carried out in MRM mode, monitoring the transitions m/z 195 → m/z 138 for caffeine and m/z 198 → m/z 140 for the labeled internal standard. To verify the reliability of the proposed approach, a spiked sample (soda drink and paracetamol tablet) with a known amount of caffeine has been prepared and analyzed by PS-MS, providing accuracy values about 100 %; the LOQ and LOD values were calculated at 1.2 and 1.6 μg/mL, respectively. Both beverages and drugs were also analyzed with the classic analytical method based on LC-UV measurements, showing consistent results between the two approaches, thus confirming the reliability of the developed ambient MS determination. Graphical Abstract The assay of caffeine by paper mass spectrometry.

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Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Caffeine in Energy Drinks

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Mechanochemical Degradation of Caffeine and Diclofenac Using Biochar of Fique Bagasse in the Presence of Al: Monitoring by Mass Spectrometry

Mechanochemical Degradation of Caffeine and Diclofenac Using Biochar of Fique Bagasse in the Presence of Al: Monitoring by Mass Spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and caffeine in commercial soft drinks using reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography

Fast analysis of caffeine in beverages and drugs by paper spray tandem mass spectrometry

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