Ultra High Dilution of triiodothyronine modifies cellular apoptosis in Rana catesbeiana tadpole tail in vitro

Abstract

This data suggest that T3 10cH modifies the effect of T3 at pharmacological dose, opening new perspectives for further studies and investigation of the dose-effect curve.

Amphibians and ultra high diluted thyroxine – further experiments and re-analysis of data

“…Results on effects of thyroxine on frogs are supported by Guedes et al, 25,26 who studied the influence of homeopathic high dilutions prepared from thyroid glands on amphibian metamorphosis. In line with the experiments reported here, these researchers from Brazil found a decrease of metamorphosis speed in the test group.…”

A morphometric and molecular study of the apoptosis observed on tadpoles’ tail explants under the exposition of triiodothyronine in different homeopathic dilutions

“…Guedes et al (2011) 3 hypothesized that the tadpole's tail macroscopic measurement could not be sensitive enough to detect the T3 effect on high dilution, since the authors obtained a statistically significant apoptotic index by Immunohistochemical method (in situ hybridization for TUNEL), on explants with no statistically significant length reduction. 3 At the cellular level, T3 controls cell metabolism, proliferation, and commitment to differentiation or apoptosis.…”

“…Afterwards, the explants were placed into individual 25 cm 2 tissue culture flasks (Costar-USA) with 20 mL of Leibovitz medium with glutamine 60% (Sigma L4386) and 10% Antibiotic-Antimycotic Solution (Sigma A5955). 3…”

“…Apoptotic pathways mediate tadpole tail resorption. 2,3 Initially, necrosis was the only known way for cells to die. In 1972, Kerr et al challenged this concept, defining apoptosis as a novel form of cell death, which was substantially different from necrosis, with regards to morphological features as well as most biochemical processes.…”

The use of animal models in homeopathic research – a review of 2010–2014 PubMed indexed papers

“…This approach also allows important improvements regarding ethical concerns that are usually associated with the use of animal models in complementary and alternative medicine research, because such models use only a small number of animals to provide a sufficient number of replicating cells, and several experimental replications can be performed. Moreover, the refined analyses that are performed with these systems, including phenotypic parameters that are generally linked to epigenetic processes, 20,26,39,40,48,56 allow a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of high dilutions, at least from a cellular point of view. Such new experimental protocols invite researchers to perform new studies and in-depth systematic reviews, including searches of databases beyond PubMed (e.g., HomBrex).…”