Ultra-Dense Networks: Integration with Device to Device (D2D) Communication

Survey on Device to Device (D2D) Communication for 5GB/6G Networks: Concept, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

“…Fig. 14 shows a simple combination of UDN and D2D communication, in which different cell sizes such as macrocell, femtocell, and picocell are distributed to enhance the rising number of devices or user equipment (UE) [108]. Moreover, the UE or devices located at cell edge that lacks connectivity, due to coverage limitations, require a relayer for incorporation and connection with the D2D communication cell.…”

“…Although UDN has interference challenges, QoS, and other constraints, it could improve the performance of the network and increase its capacity 100-fold [109]. Furthermore, D2D communication integration is a significant factor in saving energy consumption due to the massive cell distribution within UDN [108]. Besides, it can provide support for other solutions that could overcome the challenges to satisfy the requirements of 5G and beyond.…”

Small Cell Deployment Challenges in Ultradense Networks: Architecture and Resource Management

“…It is defined as the networks having a high density of access points than active users i.e. a network where the radio resources are in higher density as compared to current networks [5][6][7]. Considering different works of literature, UDN can be quantitatively summarized as a network with cell density greater than 1000 cells / Km squared [9].…”

“…Considering different works of literature, UDN can be quantitatively summarized as a network with cell density greater than 1000 cells / Km squared [9]. In [5][6], it is characterized by shorter inter-site distance and sub-linear capacity growth, significantly as higher BS density causes higher interference [10]. Access nodes are placed in closest proximity to the users so provide seamless connectivity.…”

Density-aware mobile networks: Opportunities and challenges

“…At this point, with the help of device-to-device communication (D2D) and integrated access-backhaul (IAB) opportunity, BSs can form an ad hoc network. They establish a dynamic infrastructure to backhaul traffic to the core of the network as we show in Figure 3 in case of a network failure to sustain communication and enhance reliability through mobile BSs in the network [88,89]. As claimed in [89,90], in D2D communications, an optimal threshold value for density of BSs is required to enhance the network performance.…”