Ultra-broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation using chalcogenide rib waveguide

Ge22As20Se58 glass ultrafast laser inscribed waveguides for mid-IR integrated optics

“…Karim et al [7] presented a numerical study of air clad Ge 11.5 As 24 Se 64.5 ridge waveguides on MgF 2 reporting a supercontinuum spanning from 1.8 to 7.7 μm when pumping with a peak power of 500 W at a wavelength of 3.1 μm. Subsequently, in a further theoretical study, Karim et al [8] show a 1.8 to 8 µm supercontinuum could be output from Ge 11.5 As 24 Se 64.5 rib waveguides on MgF 2 using 85 fs pulses centered at 3.1 μm with a peak power of 500 W. Yu et al [9] have reported an experimental demonstration of a 1.8 to >7.5 µm supercontinuum from a Ge 11.5 As 24 Se 64.5 glass rib waveguide on a Ge 11.5 As 24 S 64.5 substrate by pumping the waveguide with ~320 fs pulses at 4 µm and a peak power of ~3kW. In their work the long wavelength edge of the supercontinuum was limited by absorption in the protective fluoropolymer coating applied to the waveguides.…”

Design and fabrication of GeAsSeS chalcogenide waveguides with thermal annealing*

“…[20] Further theoretical studies by Karim have shown a supercontinuum output from 1.8 µm to beyond 8 µm in a Ge 11.5 As 24 Se 64.5 rib waveguide on MgF 2 . [21] Zhang et al reported SC spectrum ranging from 1 µm to 7 µm in As 2 S 3 glass rib waveguide pumped by pulses with a peak power of 2 kW, and duration of 50 fs at a wavelength of 1.55 µm. [22] Moreover, Yu et al also presented experimental results showing a linearly polarized SC spectrum extending from 2 µm to 10 µm over highly nonlinear rib waveguide employing 4.5 kW peak power 330 fs pulses pumped at 4.184 µm.…”

Correlation among Structure, Water Peak Absorption, and Femtosecond Laser Ablation Properties of Ge–Sb–Se Chalcogenide Glasses

“…Ge–Sb–Se glasses lacking As are less toxic, and they have recently been reported as a nonlinear supercontinuum gain medium and as tapered fiber materials. − In a Ge–As–Se glass system, it has been demonstrated that the glass with a mean coordination number around 2.45 has a minimum glass fragility index, and thus, structural relaxation in such a glass is less. , A typical glass that has been frequently used in waveguide and fiber-based optical devices has a composition of Ge 11.5 As 24 Se 64.5 . , We thus chose Ge 11.5 Sb x Se 88.5– x and explored the correlation among structure, water peak absorption, and femtosecond laser ablation properties. First, the transmission properties, band gap ( E opt ), and Vickers hardness (Hv) of the series of Ge 11.5 Sb x Se 88.5– x glasses were measured.…”

“…20,21 A typical glass that has been frequently used in waveguide and fiber-based optical devices has a composition of Ge 11.5 As 24 Se 64.5 . 22,23 We thus chose Ge 11.5 Sb x Se 88.5−x and explored the correlation among structure, water peak absorption, and femtosecond laser ablation properties. First, the transmission properties, band gap (E opt ), and Vickers hardness (Hv) of the series of Ge 11.5 Sb x Se 88.5−x glasses were measured.…”